Mocks evidence/ context

  1. responses to death of Steve Biko

Died in police custody 1977

Death illustrated uncontrolled powers of security forces and explain worldwide scrutiny

Spent 20 days in solitary confinement, naked and denied exercise and hygiene

He was one of many who died in police custody, ANC recorded 14 in 1977 alone

UN and USA protested over his death

  1. - significance of Soweto

  • 14 000 students abroad to join ANC and MK guerrillas

  • Government police never really controlled Soweto again.

  • Government said riots caused by outside ‘agitators’ who stirred up system, that there was nothing wrong with system

  • Students had clearer understanding of their position under apartheid

  • International outcry against use of armed police against unarmed schoolchildren

  • 52 000 arrests

  1. individuals challenging apartheid policies 68-83

BC MOVEMENT

  • ‘stepchild of apartheid’ from it coming from completeness of isolation, oppressiveness, time to look over conditions = long standing political anger

  1. NP's declining control 1968-78 (was it from BC movement?)

  1. Botha's reform - success or failure?

  • Structural reform: Wienhann Report 1977 recognised black trade unions under 1981 Industrial Concilliation Amendment Act - in response to shortages of skilled workers - shortfall of 100 000 in early 1970s

  1. transition of government 1990s

  1. internal sanctions in 1980s

  1. release of mandela significant for political settlement?

  1. new political settlement 1991-94

  1. importance of de klerk in dismantling apartheid

  1. - international pressure bringing end of apartheid (1983-91)