Scientific Theories vs. Laws and Experiment Steps

Difference Between Scientific Theory and Law

• Scientific Theory

  • Conclusion drawn from investigation
  • Explains why certain natural phenomena occur
  • Subject to change over time

• Scientific Law

  • Statement about natural occurrences
  • Does not explain how or why, just states a fact
  • Predictable under certain conditions

Classification of Scientific Concepts

• Theories

  • General Relativity
  • Plate Tectonics
  • The Big Bang
  • Evolution

• Laws

  • Archimedes' Buoyancy Principle
  • Conservation of momentum
  • Inertia
  • Universal Gravitation
  • Kepler's Planetary Motion

Steps in Scientific Experimentation

1. State the problem

   • Identify what is being investigated.

2. Research and gather information

   • Seek reliable sources related to the problem.

3. Form and test a hypothesis

   • Develop a potential explanation; test through experiments.

4. Analyze the data

   • Record all data in tables/graphs; compare with other research.

5. Draw conclusions

   • Assess if results support hypothesis; ensure objectivity, conduct multiple trials.

6. Peer review

   • Have other scientists review your research before publicizing.

7. Conclude on theory or law

   • Determine if the findings indicate a theory or law.