Types of Communicative Strategy

Overview of Communicative Strategies

  • Communicative strategies are structured methods employed by speakers to establish, maintain, direct, repair, and conclude interactions across various social and formal contexts.

  • Lesson Context: Types of Communicative Strategy presented by Reimuel M. Bisnar.

Nomination

  • Definition: Nomination is a strategy employed when a speaker attempts to open or initiate a topic with interlocutors.

  • Initiating Techniques:

    • News inquiries: Opening conversation by asking about recent events or personal updates.

    • News announcements: Starting a topic by declaring recent updates or news.

  • Operational Impact: Beginning a conversation with news inquiries and announcements promises extended talk by creating open-ended opportunities for participants to contribute.

Restriction

  • Definition: Restriction refers to any limitation or constraint placed on a speaker during interaction.

  • Contextual Settings:

    • Classrooms

    • Formal meetings

    • Informal contexts, such as hanging out with friends

  • Procedural Rules:

    • Speakers are typically given specific instructions or boundaries that must be followed.

    • When restriction is applied, speakers cannot decide to talk about something else outside the specified boundaries.

  • Illustrative Examples:

    • A teacher asking a class to brainstorm specifically on peer pressure.

    • A student being assigned to deliver a speech on digital natives.

Turn-Taking

  • Definition: Turn-taking is the process by which communicators negotiate and decide who takes the conversation floor.

  • Primary Objective: To ensure that all participants are given a fair and equal chance to speak and contribute to the ongoing discourse.

Topic Control

  • Definition: Topic control covers how procedural formality or informality affects the overall development and flow of a topic in conversations.

  • Impact of Formality:

    • Formal constraints establish explicit rules regarding who may speak and when.

  • Illustrative Example:

    • In formal board or organizational meetings, a participant may only have a turn to speak after the chairperson explicitly directs or recognizes them.

Topic Shifting

  • Definition: Topic shifting involves moving deliberately from one topic to another during a conversation.

  • Boundary Function: Marks the precise point where one part of a conversation ends and another distinct segment begins.

  • Transition Expressions:

    • "By the way"

    • "In addition to what you said,"

    • "Which reminds me of,"

Repair

  • Definition: Repair refers to the methods and strategies speakers use to address and resolve problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending encountered during communication.

  • Corrective Process:

    • Communicators continuously evaluate mutual comprehension.

    • Speakers will always attempt to address and correct any problem or breakdown in understanding to ensure clear dialogue.

Termination

  • Definition: Termination consists of close-initiating expressions that systematically end a topic or entire conversation.

  • Responsibilities:

    • In most instances, the person who originally initiated the topic takes the responsibility to signal the end of the discussion.