Common Problems in Toddlers Common Problems in Toddlers

  • Common Problems in Toddlers

    • Strabismus

    • Amblyopia

    • Conjunctivitis

    • Dental caries

    • Muscular dystrophy

    • Pneumonia

    • Wilm's Tumor

    • Clubfoot

    • UTI

    • Burns

    • Poisoning

    • Choking

    • Drowning

  • Strabismus

    • Eye misalignment causing vision issues

    • Types:

    • Esotropia: Inward turning (cross-eyed)

    • Exotropia: Outward turning

    • Hypertropia: Vertical misalignment

    • Hypotropia: Downward drifting

    • Causes: Muscle dysfunction, infections, genetic factors

    • Symptoms: Double vision, eye strain, headaches

  • Amblyopia (Lazy Eye)

    • Reduced vision in one eye due to abnormal visual development

    • Early detection is crucial; screenings recommended starting at 6 months

  • Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

    • Inflammation of the conjunctiva; types include:

    • Viral: Redness, watery discharge, very contagious

    • Bacterial: Thick discharge, requires antibiotics

    • Allergic: Caused by allergens; not contagious

    • Irritant: Redness from foreign objects; rinse with water

  • Dental Caries

    • Destruction of tooth hard tissues from bacteria

    • Causes: Poor oral hygiene, high-sugar diets

    • Symptoms: White spots, sensitivity, cavities

    • Prevention: Good oral hygiene, regular dental visits

  • Muscular Dystrophy

    • Genetic disorders causing muscle weakness and degeneration

    • Duchenne MD: Severe form, affects mainly boys

    • Becker MD: Slower progression

  • Wilm's Tumor (Nephroblastoma)

    • Most common kidney cancer in children, typically under age 5

    • Symptoms: Abdominal mass, hematuria, high blood pressure

    • Treatment: Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy

  • Diagnosis and Staging for Wilm's Tumor:

    • Staging based on the extent of cancer spread (e.g., Stage I: confined to kidney, Stage IV: distant spread)