1/30 ~ Neoclassicism 

• Age of enlightenment

• Sought to mobilize the power of reason to reform society and advance knowledge

  • Started to base things off science rather than blind faith

America

• Patriotism grows 

• Writing:

  •  Instill national pride

  • Encourage a call to action.

  • Create a common agreement about issues

  • Create a national mission and aim to define American identity 

• Ben franklin

  • Renaissance man

  • Helped draft the Declaration of Independence

  • Inventor

• Thomas Jefferson

  • Credited with writing the DI 

• Patrick henry

  • Known for speeches 

  • Led rebellion against Great Britain

  • Give me liberty or give me death

• Thomas Paine

• Phillies whitely 

• Popular form of writing

• Newspapers

• Almanacs

• Magazine 

1/31~ Rhetoric and Aristotelian Appeals

Aristotle:

• Ethos, Logos, Pathos (any good argument has all three)

Anticipatory Argument:

 The speaker anticipates the audience's objections and offers an explanation or argument for that objection before it is voiced.

Logos:

• Appealing to the audience's sense of reason and logic, facts, stats, and logical arguments.

  • Inductive reasoning: From particular facts to larger generalizations

  • Deductive reasoning: from general to specific

  • Syllogism: A specific form of deduction used by writers/speakers 

    • Major Premise: All human beings are mortal

    • Minor premise: I am a human being

    • Conclusion: Therefore, I am mortal

Ethos:

• Appealing to disposition, character fundamental values held by an audience

  • ‘We have the same values and want the same things.’’

Pathos:

• Appealing to emotions in the audience, arousing fear, pity, anger, and excitement.

VOCAB:

Aphorism: short concise statement observing a wise or clever general truth

Deism: Deists believed that god made it possible for all people at all times to discover natural laws through their god-given faculty of reason and therefore, the perfectibility of man was achievable

Anecdote: A short and amusing story about a real incident or person told to illustrate a point 

Anticipatory Argument: The speaker anticipates the audience's objections and offers an explanation or argument for that objection before it is voiced.

Connotative language: Opposite of denotative; word association

Rhetorical question: a question that does not actually need an answer

Repetition: repeat keywords

Allusion: a reference made to some other work of art/literature; draws an emotional response.

Parallel structure: repeated sentence patterns 

Vocab:

Didactic:

• Intended to teach moral instruction

Apostrophe

• an exclamatory passage in a speech or poem addressed to a person/thing not present

Conceit:

• Extended metaphor comparing the physical to the fantastical 

Oratory:

• The art of public speaking

Polemics:

• The art of persuasion

Sinners in the hands of an angry god:

• time and place (minister in church, the great awakening) 

• Speakers qualifications (well-known, minister)

• Technique ( not how he said it but what he said) 

• Audience (willing to listen, Great Awakening)