Red, White, and Black

LAND, GROWTH, AND CHANGING VALUES

  • Northern colonies

    • Few slaves

    • Farmers and artisans

    • English colonies

    • Mixed farming - fish and timber

    • Industrialized

  • Middle colonies

    • Corn, Wheat, Beef, Pork

    • Few slaves

    • Served countries in Europe

    • Large middle class

  • Southern

    • More slaves

    • 40% of whites were tenant farmers

    • Cash crops

    • High slave density in the South but it was only held by select few

    • Southerners wanted to live a comfortable life and di so by having mass amounts of slaves

  • Rise of competitive entrepreneurship for individual rather than for the community

  • Some viewed expansion and wealth as a need to live

  • “The individual replaced the community as the conceptual unit of thought”

  • Colonists developed past their prior selves / colonists forget their prior servitude and dependence

  • Land couldn’t keep up[ with demands East of the Appalachian

  • In order to continue West, they had to push past other colonists(Spain, Portugal, France, etc.) and natives by means of Lebensraum

  • There was a protestant work ethic among people

CHANGING SOCIAL STRUCTURES

"It was widely believed that social hierarchies and internal divisions were not only approved by God but were also necessary to maintain social stability and unity."

  • People and social classes were divided by how people dress, titles, social etiquette, and even penalties

    • In church, the Puritans “doomed the seats”

  • There was a large middle class

    • The rich were only rich by U.S. standards, not by European standards

    • “Philadelphia‘s richest merchant died with personal possessions worth just over L 1000 - and unimpressive amount by European standards”

  • Rise of egalitarianism

  • Differences between Europe and America

    • Benjamin Franklin visited Europe and saw many disparities with a large lower class and the upper class having nearly all control

  • More stratification between classes as the people strayed away from egalitarianism

    • The rich were evenly spread among the U.S. with different sources of monetary generation

    • Exploitation of lower classes by rich men

    • Increased taxation on less property

  • Different views on how women were acting

THE GREAT AWAKENING “More than a religious Earthquake”

  • Awakening was a revitalization movement as attempts were made to reject corrosive new ways and return to past traditions

  • Whitefield - Preached about the word of god and confronted sources of authority and attacked the upper-class and their motion the the lower class were simple minded and produced thousands of conversions

  • James Davenport - Pleaded Jesus would return to Earth and for people to go against those who exploited and deceived them

  • Gilbert Tennant - Known for preaching with radical enlightenment

*Protestant work ethic - The value is based on productivity and frugality. Religious importance to ones job

*Dooming the seats - Seats in Church were filed by each person in social rank

*Lebensraum - means territorial expansion to extend trade / Mass genocide

*Egalitarianism - Political idea that emphasizes social equality