unit 2 vocabulary
Vocabulary/Pathological Terms
Anal Fistula: An abnormal connection between the anal canal and the skin, often resulting from a previous abscess.
Anastomosis: A surgical connection between two structures.
Anorexia: A lack or loss of appetite for food; it can lead to severe weight loss and malnutrition.
Areola: The colored ring of tissue surrounding the nipple.
Ascites: The accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, often due to liver disease or cancer.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, commonly affecting older males.
Borborygmi (Borborygmus): The rumbling sounds made by the movement of fluid and gas in the intestines.
Carcinoma of the Prostate: A type of cancer that occurs in the prostate gland.
Carcinoma of the Testes: Cancer that develops in the testicles, the male reproductive organs.
Castration: The removal of the testicles, often performed to treat certain medical conditions.
Chancre: A primary sore often associated with syphilis infection.
Chlamydial Infection: A sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis.
Cholelithiasis: The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder.
Circumcision: The surgical removal of the foreskin from the penis.
Cirrhosis: Chronic liver damage leading to scarring and liver failure.
Constipation: A condition characterized by infrequent bowel movements or difficulty passing stools.
Cryptorchism: A condition where one or both of the testicles fail to descend into the scrotum.
Dental Caries: Tooth decay caused by bacteria producing acids that damage tooth structure.
Dilation and Curettage (D&C): A surgical procedure involving the dilation of the cervix and scraping of the uterine lining.
Diverticulosis: The presence of diverticula (small bulging pouches) in the colon, may progress to diverticulitis (inflammation).
Dialysis: A medical procedure to remove waste and excess water from the blood in individuals with kidney failure.
Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing.
Endometriosis: A condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterine cavity.
Eructation: The act of belching or expelling gas from the stomach through the mouth.
Esophageal Varices: Abnormally enlarged veins in the lower part of the esophagus, often related to liver disease.
Additional Pathological Vocabulary
Exenteration: A surgical procedure that removes the contents of a body cavity, usually referring to the removal of the uterus and surrounding structures.
Fertilization: The process by which sperm and egg unite to form a zygote.
Flatus: Gas generated in the digestive tract that is expelled through the anus.
Gamete: Reproductive cells (sperm in males and ova in females) that unite during fertilization.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): A chronic digestive condition where stomach acid or bile irritates the food pipe lining.
Genitalia: The external organs of reproduction.
Gestation: The period of development of an embryo or fetus within the womb.
Gonad: An organ that produces gametes; testes in males and ovaries in females.
Gonorrhea: A sexually transmitted infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Gynecology: The branch of medicine dealing with the health care of women, particularly concerning reproductive health.
Hematochezia: The passage of fresh blood through the anus, often indicative of bleeding in the lower gastrointestinal tract.
Hemorrhoids: Swollen veins in the rectal area causing discomfort and rectal bleeding.
Hernia: A condition where an organ pushes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place.
Herpes Genitalis: A sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus.
Hydrocele: A fluid-filled sac around a testicle, often causing swelling in the scrotum.
Hypospadias: A congenital condition in males where the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis.
Ileus: A blockage of the intestine that prevents the passage of food or fluid.
Intussusception: A medical condition in which a part of the intestine telescopes into an adjacent segment.
Jaundice (Icterus): A condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes, due to excess bilirubin in the bloodstream.
Leukoplakia (Oral): White patches or spots on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, often considered a precancerous condition.
Melena: Dark, tarry stools indicating bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Menarche: The first occurrence of menstruation.
Menopause: The cessation of menstruation and fertility in women, typically occurring in middle age.
Menstruation: The monthly shedding of the uterine lining when pregnancy does not occur.
Neonatology: A subspecialty of pediatrics that focuses on the medical care of newborn infants, particularly premature or ill newborns.
Obstetrics: The branch of medicine concerned with childbirth and the care of women giving birth.
Anatomical Terms
Orifice: An opening, such as the mouth or the end of the canal.
Ovum/Ova: The female gamete; the egg cell.
Parturition: The process of giving birth.
Phimosis: A condition in which the foreskin cannot be fully retracted over the glans penis.
Placenta: An organ that develops during pregnancy to provide nutrients and oxygen to the fetus.
Primigravida: A woman who is pregnant for the first time.
Purulent: Producing or containing pus.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Infections that are typically spread through sexual activity.
Sphincter: A circular muscle that constricts or dilates to control passage through an opening.
Steatorrhea: The presence of excess fat in the stools, indicative of malabsorption syndromes.
Syphilis: A sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.
Teratoma: A type of tumor that can contain tissue types such as hair, muscle, or bone.
Testicular Torsion: A medical emergency in which the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off blood supply to the testicle.
Varicocele: An abnormal enlargement of veins within the scrotum.
Voiding: The process of expelling urine from the urinary bladder.
Volvulus: A medical condition in which the intestine twists upon itself, leading to obstruction.