Human Body Systems (copy)

  1. Excretory System
    Main Purpose
    Remove waste and regulate the body.
    Main Process

    • Filtration – waste, water and glucose are taken out of the blood.

    • Absorption – water and glucose go back into the blood.

    • Diffusion – any waste still left in the blood is removed.

    • Excretion – urine is formed from waste and leaves the body.
      Main Components

    • Kidneys

    • Ureters

    • Bladder

    • Urethra

  2. Circulatory System
    Main Purpose
    To transport substances such as food, oxygen and waste.
    Main Components

    • Arteries – carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.

    • Capillaries – tiny blood vessels that connect arteries to veins.

    • Veins – carry blood back to the heart.
      Health Issues

    • High blood pressure

    • Heart attack

    • Stroke

  3. Respiratory System
    Main Purpose
    Oxygen is used to turn food into energy. Carbon dioxide, water and energy are released.
    Purpose of Gaseous Exchange
    Oxygen moves from the lungs into the blood and carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the lungs.
    Main Process

    • Breathing – movement of air in and out of the lungs.

    • Diaphragm – sheet of muscle below the lungs.
      Main Components

    • Trachea – windpipe that carries air from the throat to the lungs.

    • Bronchi – air pipes that carry air to the lungs.

    • Alveoli – air sacs where gaseous exchange occurs.
      Health Issues

    • Asthma

    • Lung cancer

    • Bronchitis

    • Tuberculosis

  4. Reproductive System
    Main Purpose
    To ensure that individuals produce offspring so the species can survive.
    Main Process

    • Puberty – the natural hormone-driven process where a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction.

    • Pituitary – small pea-shaped gland under the brain that releases hormones into the bloodstream.

    • Testosterone – male hormone made in the testes.

    • Oestrogen – female hormone made in the ovaries.
      Main Components

    • Ovaries – produce oestrogen.

    • Testes – produce testosterone.

  5. Musculoskeletal System
    Main Process

    • The skeleton protects the body and provides support.

    • The skeleton and muscles work together to create body movement.

    • Contraction and relaxation of muscles.
      Main Components

    • Ligaments – attach bone to bone.

    • Cartilage – covers bones.

    • Tendons – attach muscles to bones.

  6. Digestive System
    Purpose
    You need to eat food to get nutrients that supply your body with raw materials and energy.
    Main Process

    • Ingestion – taking in food into the body through the mouth.

    • Digestion – the breakdown of large food molecules into small soluble food materials that can be carried in the bloodstream.

    • Absorption – movement of digested, soluble food molecules through the wall of the digestive system into the blood.

    • Egestion – passing out food that is not digested in the form of faeces.