Progressive Era

Study Guide: The Progressive Era

Overview

The Progressive Era (approximately 1890-1920) was a period of social activism and political reform in the United States aimed at addressing problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and political corruption.

Key Characteristics

  • Social Justice Movements: Advocacy for women's suffrage, labor rights, and civil rights for African Americans.

  • Economic Reform: Push for regulations in business practices, including antitrust laws and labor laws.

  • Government Reforms: Introduction of direct democracy (referendums and initiatives) and increased public participation in government.

Important Events

  • The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911): A pivotal event that highlighted poor working conditions and led to reforms in labor laws.

  • The Suffrage Movement: Advocated for women's right to vote, culminating in the 19th Amendment (1920).

  • The Anti-Trust Movement: Focus on breaking up monopolies to promote fair competition, exemplified by the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890).

Notable Figures

  • Theodore Roosevelt: 26th President known for his progressive policies including trust-busting and conservation efforts.

  • Jane Addams: Social reformer and co-founder of Hull House, which supported immigrants and the poor.

  • W.E.B. Du Bois: Civil rights activist who co-founded the NAACP and advocated for African American rights.

Major Legislation

  • Pure Food and Drug Act (1906): Regulated food and pharmaceuticals to ensure safety and efficacy.

  • Federal Reserve Act (1913): Established the Federal Reserve System to regulate the banking industry.

  • Income Tax Amendment (16th Amendment, 1913): Allowed the federal government to impose an income tax, enhancing revenue for public programs.

Summary

The Progressive Era sought to improve society through reforms addressing economic inequality, political corruption, and social injustice, laying the groundwork for future developments in American politics and society.