States of Consciousness

awake/alert

aware- of existence, sensations

Altered states of consciousness

Sleep

coma

passed out- medical, substances

Infants- 14-18 hours of sleep a day

Toddlers- 11-14 hours of sleep a day

kids/adolescence- 8-10

adults- 7-9

65+- 7-9

why sleep?

cell production, memory solidification, brain function, physical restoration.

Stages of Sleep.

  • Stage 1-

    • brain waves start to slow down, muscles starts to relax, breathing starts to get deeper

  • Stage 2-

    • sleep spindles (peak in brain waves)

  • Stage 3-

    • almost deep sleep

  • Stage 4-

    • deep sleep, complete rest

  • REM (Rapid Eye Movement)-   

    • Dream

    • voluntary muscle paralysis (important, or else you may act out your dreams

Then repeat, 2 - Rem, 2 - REM all through out the night.

REM Rebound-

REM behavior disorders- sleep walking, sleep talking, sleep eating, night terrors

Restless leg systems- uncomfortable sensations in your legs, urging them to move.

insomnia (most common)- can’t fall asleep, can’t stay asleep

narcolepsy- drop into REM sleep randomly, typically in times of high stress and anxiety

sleep apnea- stop breathing during short periods of time during sleep (repeatedly)

night terrors- intense fear and panic during sleep, often leading to sudden awakening and confusion.

Sids (sudden infant death syndrome)- sudden, unexplained death of an infant under one year of age from unknown cause.

Substance use vs substance abuse

  • tolerance: how much of a substance you need for that substance to have the same effect as when you first used it

Stimulants- like caffeine, cocaine, nicotine, amphetamines; more conscious, increase in blood pressure, heart rate, breathing

Depressants- Like alcohol, pain killers, and opiates; less conscious, slow movement in body and brand

Hallucinogens- alter your sensory processing and interpretation.

    LSD - Acid

    Psilocybin (mushroom)

    PCP

    Ketamine

antipsychotic- medications used to manage symptoms of psychosis

Opioid- (pain killers, highly addictive)

    -Heroin: euphoria. Strong depressant

    -Codeine

    -Fentanyl

Antagonist - prevents neurotransmitter function. Depressants.

Agonist- promotes neurotransmitter activity, enhancing its effects in the brain. Stimulants.