3. Relative clauses

Distinction:

Relative clauses with prepositions

Fixed prepositional phrases:

• in which case

• at which point

• as a result of which

• the result of which

• since when

• by when / by which time

• all/some/several/… of which/whom

Whose → people and things

Where/When → in defining and non-defining clauses

Why → only defining clauses, after word reason

Whom → Animate antecedent + preposition =whom SVO

Coordinate relative clauses: relative pronoun refers back to entire main clause

Contact clause

1. Defining relative clause

2. Relative clause has to have own subject

Step by Step guide

1. Which element is repeated in both sentences?

2. Do we need defining or non-defining clause? Commas?

3. Which relative pronoun? Contact clause?

4. Delete underlined element and put relative pronoun in 2nd sentence in its proper place

5. Insert relative clause into main clause, comma if needed