True or false

1. The Van Deemter equation applies to both packed and open tubular columns.
   → False

2. The retention time is the time taken for a solute to elute from the column.
   → True

3. HPLC uses a gaseous mobile phase.
   → False

4. The magnetic sector analyzer separates ions based on charge only.
   → False

5. In GC, the stationary phase is always liquid.
   → False

6. Time-of-flight analyzers offer high resolution.
   → False

7. Molecular mass spectrometry requires less energetic ion sources than atomic mass spectrometry.
   → True

8. Electrospray ionization is commonly used for molecular MS.
   → True

9. Mass spectrometry always destroys the sample.
   → False

10. A chromatogram plots signal vs. time.
    → True

11. Increasing column length increases resolution.
    → True

12. The retention factor can never be negative.
    → True

13. The selectivity factor must always be greater than 1.
    → True

14. Band broadening is desirable in chromatography.
    → False

15. The mobile phase in reversed-phase HPLC is polar.
    → True

16. Increasing flow rate decreases longitudinal diffusion.
    → True

17. Ion-exchange chromatography is suitable for separating neutral molecules.
    → False

18. In TOF mass analyzers, ions are separated based on kinetic energy.
    → False

19. GC/MS can analyze thermally unstable compounds.
    → False

20. Detectors in HPLC should have low internal volume.
    → True

21. Mass spectrometry can measure isotopic patterns.
    → True

22. The mass spectrum is specific to each compound.
    → True

23. HPLC requires very high pressure for the mobile phase.
    → True

24. Analytes with lower k values elute first.
    → True

25. Solvent polarity affects retention in HPLC.
    → True

26. The stationary phase in size-exclusion chromatography is inert.
    → True

27. MS resolution improves with higher Δm.
    → False

28. Capillary columns offer better separation than packed columns in GC.
    → True

29. Selectivity factor equals 1 when two solutes are perfectly separated.
    → False

30. A detector's response must always be linear.
    → False

31. The van Deemter equation includes longitudinal diffusion.
    → True

32. Solute diffusion rate does not affect peak width.
    → False

33. HPLC can be applied to proteins.
    → True

34. Sample loss is minimal in direct probe inlets.
    → False

35. The number of theoretical plates is a measure of column efficiency.
    → True

36. TOF analyzers have limited mass range.
    → False

37. GC/MS is destructive analysis.
    → True

38. MS detectors do not require a vacuum.
    → False

39. Ion source type affects fragmentation pattern.
    → True

40. Resolution increases as peak widths decrease.
    → True

41. Increasing temperature always improves GC separation.
    → False

42. Retention time is influenced by column temperature.
    → True

43. All analytes have the same retention factor under same conditions.
    → False

44. HPLC detectors can include mass spectrometers.
    → True

45. Electrochemical detectors can be used in HPLC.
    → True

46. Refractive index detectors are suitable for gradient elution.
    → False

47. Column efficiency is independent of flow rate.
    → False

48. The detector in MS counts the number of ions.
    → True

49. The resolution of a column can be computed using peak widths.
    → True

50. Ion trap MS allows storage and scanning of ions.
    → True

✅ 10 ENUMERATION ITEMS (Parts/Filling)

1. Enumerate the main components of a mass spectrometer.
   → Ion source, mass analyzer, detector, vacuum system

2. Enumerate the steps in mass spectrometry analysis.
   → Ionization, mass separation, detection, data analysis

3. Enumerate 3 types of mass analyzers.
   → Quadrupole, magnetic sector, TOF

4. Enumerate 3 common ion sources in molecular MS.
   → Electrospray ionization, MALDI, electron impact

5. Enumerate the detectors used in HPLC.
   → UV, IR, fluorescence, refractive index, electrochemical

6. Enumerate 3 types of HPLC based on mechanism.
   → Normal-phase, reversed-phase, size-exclusion

7. Enumerate the axes in a chromatogram.
   → X-axis: retention time; Y-axis: detector signal

8. Enumerate the parameters in the Van Deemter equation.
   → A (multiple path), B (longitudinal diffusion), C (mass transfer), u (flow rate)

9. Enumerate at least 2 applications of HPLC.
   → Pharmaceutical analysis, food additive detection

10. Enumerate 3 outputs from a mass spectrum.
    → m/z value, peak height, relative abundance