sports psychology

aggression = the intent to harms others outside the rules of the sport

• reactive

• out of control

• deliberate and hostile

assertion = well motivated behaviour within the rules

• controlled

• goal-directed

• not intended to harm

1. instinct theory

2. frustration-aggressive hypothesis

3. catharsis

4. aggressive cue hypothesis

5. social learning theory

preventing aggression

• punish aggression fines and sending players off

• reinforce non-aggressive behaviours

• use mental rehearsal and relaxation

• channel aggression into assertion