SS outcomes 4.0-6.0

Quality of Life – the standard of health, comfort and happiness experienced by an

individual or group.

Economic Issues – complex problems that involve money, wealth, income,

employment or people’s access to things they need or want in life.

• Social Issues – complex problems that involve education, health, equality,

population, and other factors that influence people’s opportunities in society.

• Political Issues – complex problems that involve how people make decisions in

groups and can involve government, laws, human rights, and safety.

• Environmental Issues – complex problems that involve people’s interactions with

the natural world, including land use, water use, energy, and climate.

Wealth refers to money and possessions accumulated by a person over the course of

their lifetime.

• Income refers to the money received or earned on a continuous basis as a result of

work or investments.

There are a variety of measures we use to make these comparisons and these are called indicators.

regions (geographical areas that have share similar characteristics).

There are a variety of measures we use to make these comparisons and these are called indicators.

Human Development Index (HDI)

• This is an indicator that uses life expectancy, access to and quality of education, and GDP

per capita to determine how well off people are in a country or region.

• Life expectancy is the average age people can expect to life and is related to health

outcomes.

• Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total dollar value of goods and services

produced in a country in one year. If we divide GDP by the population, we get GDP

per capita, which shows the country’s average wealth production per person.

More Economically Developed Countries (MEDC)

– these countries generally have stronger

economies, are wealthier, and have a higher

quality of life.

• Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDC) –

these countries generally have weaker economies,

are less wealthy, and have a lower quality of life.

Economic development – a region’s material wealth and trade.

• Social development – the level of education, healthcare, life expectancy, and infant

mortality in a society.

• Political development – the type of government in a region, level of corruption,

effectiveness of electoral system, and the rule of law.

Some factors can be measured objectively and be expressed as a number of specific value – these

factors are referred to as quantitative. Other factors are difficult to describe numerically and may

involve reference to one quality or another – these factors are referred to as qualitative.

A continuum is a useful way of presenting and visualizing information that exists between

extremes, but also can have subtle differences. The example below compares degrees of political

freedom.

Globalization is the trend toward greater interconnectedness in the world. This has led to the

concept of the global village

1. Economic globalization – easier movement of goods,

production, capital, labour and resources. Can also relate to

connections between global stock markets and currencies.

2. Technological globalization – rapid spread of communications

and computer technologies, as well as equipment and

machinery.

3. Political globalization – countries adopt more uniform

policies and types of government.

4. Cultural globalization – gradual harmonization of

the world’s culture at the expense of local cultures.

Countries also adopt common attitudes and

acceptable behaviours.

5. Environmental globalization – the world’s

ecosystems are connected and all countries must

protect the environment together.

A perspective is an individual’s or group’s point of view. Perspectives can vary depending on how a

person is affected by an event or interaction.

Socio-economic status - This is a measure of a person or

group’s position in a community or society and can be

determined by education, income, parent’s occupation,

and place.

Opinion – judgments or beliefs that are not necessarily based on

certainty or proof.

◦ Opinions are subjective – they come from your personal thoughts and

feelings.

◦ Values – principles and morals central to a person’s behaviour.

Fact – knowledge that is certain and can be verified by experience or

observation.

◦ Facts are objective – they cannot be distorted by personal feelings or

bias.Information gained from any source may contain bias – a prejudice or preference for

or against a particular point of view.

Sustainability is being able to meet the

needs of the present without

compromising the ability of the future

generations to meet their own needs.

Human and resource development that is

conducted sustainably is referred to as

sustainable development.

▪Human-centred: anthropocentric

▪Life-centred: biocentric

Expansionist worldview: Humanity

has the right to exploit nature and its

resources. Any problems that arise can

be solved through better technology

and new territory to obtain needed

resources.

Ecological worldview: nature is seen to be

something that is to be valued and preserved

rather than exploited and tamed.

The ecological worldview developed as a

response to the destruction of the environment

caused by industrialization. This worldview has

seen growth in recent years as people have

become concerned with issues related to global

warming and climate change.Environmental Sustainability:

Means to consider the use of natural

resources (environmental resources) both

renewable and non-renewable so that they

will be available to future generations. This

involves the use of technology to remediate

or repair some of the problems created from

the use of resources.

Social Sustainability:

Social Sustainability means meeting human

needs. Social resources such as human rights

and basic necessities of life should be

attainable to all people. Also resources

should be available to all people to have a

healthy and secure life. Without the will of

society it is thought that sustainability is not

possible.

Economic Sustainability:

Decisions that are made to improve

sustainability will affect the economy.

Important economic factors such as jobs, the

costs of goods, extraction of resources and

economic development must be considered

when every person is seeking a similar

quality of life.

The consequences of achieving sustainability are generally

positive in nature. Sustainability will help preserve

biocapacity – the ability of the planet to provide resources

while absorbing waste produced by humans.

the Air Quality Index in an

indicator that shows relative levels of air

pollutants and the potential threat that exists

to humans as a result. The higher the value

here, the greater the risk.

The ecological footprint measures the amount of resources

we use to maintain our lifestyle, while considering the

Earth’s ability to reabsorb waste. It is usually shown in

global hectares (gha).

If we use more resources than can be sustainability

developed, resource scarcity becomes a problem. This

refers to the limited and finite nature of available resources.

Earth Overshoot Day is the date each year when humanity’s demand for natural

resources exceeds the Earth’s ability to regenerate those resources. The more

resources are used and the greater the amount of waste released, the earlier in

the year this day will occur.

No Poverty	End poverty in all its forms everywhere. If current trends continue as they are, by 2030 575 million people will live in extreme poverty and only 1 out of 3 countries will have halved their poverty levels. Due to the cost of living crisis 105 countries have announced more than 300 social protection measures in the past year.
Zero Hunger	End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. More than 600 million people are projected to face hunger in the year 2030. Since the year 2000 little to no progress has been made in reducing anemia levels. High food prices continue to be a problem in many countries.
Good Health and Well-being	Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. 25 million people missed out on important routine immunizations in 2021. 150 countries have met or are on track to meet the under-5 mortality target. Malaria cases have surged worldwide.
Quality Education	Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. 300 million students will lack basic numeracy or literacy skills. The pandemic caused learning losses in 4 out of 5 countries of 104 that have been studied. Only 1 in 6 countries will achieve the universal secondary school completion target.
Gender Equality	Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. 1 in 5 women are married before their 18th birthday. Nearly half of married women lack decision making power over their rights. The world is not on track to achieve the goals for 2030
Clean Water and Sanitation	Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene is still out of reach for many. 2.4 billion people live in water-stressed countries. Only in the year 2022 2.2 billion people lacked safely managed drinking water.
Affordable and Clean energy	Ensure access to affordable, reliable and sustainable and modern energy for all. 675 million people still live in the dark. If current continue 1 in 4 people will still use unsafe and efficient cooking systems by 2030. International public financing for clean energy for developing countries continues to decline.
Decent Work and Economic Growth	Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all. Global economic recovery continues in a small trajectory. 1 in 4 young people are not in education, employment or training.
Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure	Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation. Energy related CO2 emissions were at their highest in the year 2022. Global manufacturing growth slowed down from 2021 to 2022 due to inflation, energy price shocks and supply disruptions.
Reduced Inequalities	Reduce inequality within and among countries. Covid-19 triggered the most inequality increase among countries in three decades. Women are twice as likely as men to experience discrimination based on their sex.
Sustainable Cities and Communities	Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. Only one in two urban residents have access to convenient public transport. 3 in 4 cities have less than 20% of their area dedicated to public areas or streets.
Responsible Consumption and Production	Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns. HIgh-income countries leave a higher environmental footprint than low-income countries. On average, each person wastes 120 kilograms of food per year.
Climate Action	Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. The rate of sea level rise has doubled in the past decade. The world will exceed 1.5C by 2035.
Life Below Water	Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. 1 in 5 fish caught originates from illegal unreported and unregulated fishing. 17 million metric tons of plastic polluted oceans in 2021, by 2040 it is expected to be double or triple.
Life on Land	Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably managed forests combat desertification and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss. 100 million hectares of healthy and productive land was degraded every year from 2015-2019. The world is currently experiencing the largest extinction of species since the dinosaur age.
Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions	Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice to all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels. There has been a steep rise in conflict related civilian deaths, with an over 50% in the year 2022 due to the war in ukraine. Nearly 200000 trafficking victims were detected worldwide between 2017 and 2020.
Partnerships for the Goals	Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development. Many developing countries are facing a debt crisis, 37 out of 69 of the world's poorest countries are facing debt distress or are very close to it. 2 in 3 people used the internet in 2022, 259 million more men than women.

SS outcomes 4.0-6.0

Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene is still out of reach for many. 2.4 billion people live in water-stressed countries. Only in the year 2022 2.2 billion people lacked safely managed drinking water.

Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all. Global economic recovery continues in a small trajectory. 1 in 4 young people are not in education, employment or training.