Cognitive Development and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Cognitive Development Theories

• Jean Piaget: Sequential logic stages.

• Lev Vygotsky: Social interaction and language focus.

Piaget's Stages

1. Sensorimotor (0-2 years): Object permanence.

2. Preoperational (2-7 years): Symbols; egocentrism; no conservation.

3. Concrete Operational (7-11 years): Logic with tangible objects; conservation.

4. Formal Operational (12+ years): Abstract and deductive reasoning.

Key Concepts

• Schemas: Mental organization frameworks.

• Assimilation/Accommodation: Integrating vs. modifying schemas.

• Theory of Mind: Understanding others' states; emerges ages 3-5.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

• Definition: Social communication and repetitive behavior disorder.

• Stats: Prevalence 1 in 68; biological/genetic causes; no vaccine link.

• Impact/Research: Social challenges; oxytocin treatment under research.