Positivism: Embraces human agency in history, uses sources for an accurate vision of the past, and includes empathetic understanding.
Narrative - Chronology: Focuses on creating narratives of the past, emphasizing the role of accidents over analysis.
Biography - Hagiography: Employs the "Great Men" method to create chronological narratives centered on individual agency.
Dialectics - Analysis: Involves synthesizing old and new theses, leading to revisionism and the establishment of new paradigms.
Meta - Narrative/Total History: Characterizes works of the Annales school that integrate various time factors in explaining human history.
Negativism: Rejects human agency, sources, and empathetic understanding of history.
Structuralism: Founded by Wundt and Titchener, focuses on breaking down mental processes into basic components using introspection.
Psychoanalytic Theory: Sigmund Freud's emphasis on the unconscious mind's influence on behavior through the id, ego, and superego.
Behaviorism: Proposed by John Watson and B.F. Skinner; asserts behavior is explained by environmental causes, using classical and operant conditioning.
Gestalt Psychology: Based on the idea that experiences are unified wholes, suggesting the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Cognitivism: Studies mental processes such as thinking, perception, and learning; connected to neuroscience.
Functionalism: Associated with William James and others, views mental life as a means of adapting to the environment, countering behaviorism and identity theory. Positivism: Embraces human agency in history, uses sources for an accurate vision of the past, and includes empathetic understanding.
Narrative - Chronology: Focuses on creating narratives of the past, emphasizing the role of accidents over analysis.
Biography - Hagiography: Employs the "Great Men" method to create chronological narratives centered on individual agency.
Dialectics - Analysis: Involves synthesizing old and new theses, leading to revisionism and the establishment of new paradigms.
Meta - Narrative/Total History: Characterizes works of the Annales school that integrate various time factors in explaining human history.
Negativism: Rejects human agency, sources, and empathetic understanding of history.
Structuralism: Founded by Wundt and Titchener, focuses on breaking down mental processes into basic components using introspection.
Psychoanalytic Theory: Sigmund Freud's emphasis on the unconscious mind's influence on behavior through the id, ego, and superego.
Behaviorism: Proposed by John Watson and B.F. Skinner; asserts behavior is explained by environmental causes, using classical and operant conditioning.
Gestalt Psychology: Based on the idea that experiences are unified wholes, suggesting the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Cognitivism: Studies mental processes such as thinking, perception, and learning; connected to neuroscience.
Functionalism: Associated with William James and others, views mental life as a means of adapting to the environment, countering behaviorism and identity theory.Positivism: Embraces human agency in history, uses sources for an accurate vision of the past, and includes empathetic understanding.
Narrative - Chronology: Focuses on creating narratives of the past, emphasizing the role of accidents over analysis.
Biography - Hagiography: Employs the "Great Men" method to create chronological narratives centered on individual agency.
Dialectics - Analysis: Involves synthesizing old and new theses, leading to revisionism and the establishment of new paradigms.
Meta - Narrative/Total History: Characterizes works of the Annales school that integrate various time factors in explaining human history.
Negativism: Rejects human agency, sources, and empathetic understanding of history.
Structuralism: Founded by Wundt and Titchener, focuses on breaking down mental processes into basic components using introspection.
Psychoanalytic Theory: Sigmund Freud's emphasis on the unconscious mind's influence on behavior through the id, ego, and superego.
Behaviorism: Proposed by John Watson and B.F. Skinner; asserts behavior is explained by environmental causes, using classical and operant conditioning.
Gestalt Psychology: Based on the idea that experiences are unified wholes, suggesting the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Cognitivism: Studies mental processes such as thinking, perception, and learning; connected to neuroscience.
Functionalism: Associated with William James and others, views mental life as a means of adapting to the environment, countering behaviorism and identity theory.
Structuralism Wilhelm Wundt
and Edward
Titchener
Considered to be the first school of thought in
Psychology.
This outlook focused on breaking down mental
processes into the most basic components.
The focus was on reducing mental processes
down into their most basic elements.
The structuralists used techniques such
www.shsph.blogspot.com 13 as introspection to
analyze the inner processes of the human mind.
Studies the unconscious mind.
Psychoanalytic
Sigmund
Freud
This school of thought
emphasized the influence of the
unconscious mind on behavior.
Freud believed that the human
mind was composed of three
elements: the id, ego, and
superego.Focuses on observable behavior.
Behaviorism
John Watson and B.F.
Skinner
Suggests that all behavior can be
explained by environmental causes
rather than by internal forces
Theories of learning including classical
conditioning and operant conditioning
were the focus of a great deal of
research
An approach to psychology that
combines elements of philosophy,
methodology, and theory
Psychology should concern itself with the
observable behavior of people and
animals, not with unobservable events
that take place in their minds. Studies the mind and behavior as a
whole
Gestalt
Psychology
Max Wertheimer,
Wolfgang Kohler,
and Kurt Koffka
A school of psychology based upon the
idea that we experience things as
unified wholes
Means “form” or “configuration”
The whole is other than the sum of its
parts
Cognitivism
The school of psychology
that studies mental
processes including how
people think, perceive,
remember and learn
As part of the larger field of
cognitive science, this
branch of psychology is
related to other disciplines
including neuroscience,
Functionalism John Dewey,
James Rowland
Angell, and
Harvey Carr.
Founder:
William James
A general psychological philosophy that
considers mental life and behavior in
terms of active adaptation to the
person’s environment
A theory of the mind in contemporary
philosophy, developed largely as an
alternative to both the identity theory of
mind and behaviorism