Chapter two gov test review notes and flashcards

The foundation of American government came most obviously from English traditions, but their beliefs also come from early civilizations. Ancient Greece was birthplace of direct democracy for natural born citizens. Rome Senate was first representative democracy containing written laws and open citizenry. Medieval Europe gave us written contracts. Knights were loyalty to monarchs. Mason signed written contract to build castles. In 1611 English king James, the first issued comprehensive English language Bible, which protestant pilgrims carried to the New World along with new religious ideas from Protestant reformation.

Landmark English documents

Magna Carta 1215 first expression of limited power by monarch, King John was compelled by mobility and clergy to consult with them prior to declaring war, raising taxes, creating Parliament at Westminster Palace.

Petition of right 1628 Parliament force king to Parliament to vote before raising taxes or declaring martial law. Additionally, citizens were guaranteed public trials with jury of their peers.

English Bill of Rights 1688 William and Marie agreed to supremacy of Parliament agreed to reduce monarch figurehead. While monarchy was destroying itself in England during the 1600s thousands of refugees left England for new American colonies.

English democratic principles, number one consent of the governed number two natural rights number three limited governments and number four representative democracy.

Important European philosophers to the United States government

Thomas Hobbs – Allman are bad and need powerful voters to govern their animal natures without government. Society would go to survival of the fittest within state of nature

John Locke – declared natural law no man may harm another in his natural rights of life, liberty or property

John Jacques Rousseau – to enforce natural rights men enter a social contract

Voltaire– people have freedom of expression

Montesquieu – when legislative and executive powers are united and same person and same body of magistrates there can be no liberty because apprehensions may arise/separation of government powers.

Structural setting of 13 colonies had impact on modern government. Royal colonies were charter directly by the crown. Governor was personal representation of the king. It was typically by camera, upper house was called governors council, or Kings council and was made up of aristocratic men appointed by the governor. Lower house was popularly elected by landowner in colony. Middle colonies were proprietary colonies in these colonies can gave a charter to a proprietor who owned the land and roll colony as governor in person or from England with a pointed governor. In charter colonies, King Granite, a charter to the people of the colony. Governor and colonial assembly were directly elected by Laner of the colony.

For meetings, colonist were critical for climatic events of second continental Congress

Number one New England Confederation 1643 number two Albany plan of union 1754 number three stamp act 1765 number 4/ first continental Congress 1774

In 1643 during the English Civil War, the vulnerable New England colonies joined the military alliance called New England Confederation for the first time frighten colonist took military matters into their own hands created dangerous president. Massachusetts Bay colony – Plymouth.– New Haven – scatter colonies formation of NEC.

Albany plan of union 1754 was proposed B Franklin as defensive measure for colonies from French Canadian troops and Indians during seven years war. After French and Indian war or seven years war, the British EST. A proclamation line dividing their unhappy colonist. To avoid ONEV OUS taxes, many colonist turned to smuggling boycotts, substitutions, and other techniques. Reacting to stamp act, colonist sent delegates to a stamped at Congress to send a formal letter of protest to the king and the parliament for repeal of the stamp act. British parliament did repeal most of the stamp act but kept T tax to approve sovereignty. In 1773 rebels in Boston responded to the T tax by having the Boston tea party. December 16, 1773 on a Thursday first continental Congress root letter as last attempt at conciliation with the king and Parliament, delegates crafted mutual protection agreement. Well, members of Congress waited for response from London both the colonist and British Army were not idle in Boston. Second continental Congress reconvened in May 1775 one month after battles of Lexington and Concord. Massachusetts was an open rebellion and now other colonies had to consider what to do. The battle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775 – delegates to continental Congress took faithful political steps toward both independence and union by drafting declaration of independence 1776 and articles of confederation 1777. Declaration was largely a list of grievances between colonist and parliament and king. While important documents outlining American philosophy of freedom and power, drawing most famously upon John Locke, natural law, but not very foundation to go. Articles of confederation were drafted and approved by Congress on November 15, 1777 to take affect, all 13 states assemblies needed to ratify the articles. Marilyn was the last state to ratify on March for 1781 Marilyn plus other small states jealously guarded at state sovereignty. United States struggle through the war with a relatively ineffectual continental Congress. Individual states responsible revenues. Articles of confederation were ratified just a few months before consequential battle of Yorktown before weakness of the system could be really exposed. Over next few years states move forward. Since the founding of the colony in 1634 Maryland has fought with neighbors over boundary issues. And 1785 delegates from Maryland in Virginia met at Mount Vernon home of George Washington to discuss matters of trade along the Potomac River and the Chesapeake Bay. Outcome of the Mount Vernon meeting was positive that states that delicates invited other states to join them in Annapolis in September 1786. For other mid Atlantic states, New York, New Jersey, PA, NDE. Join Chesapeake states and calls for reforms to entire confederation system. Delegates to Anna agreed to a meeting among B states following the year in PA. A few states outside mid Atlantic were interested until winter of 1786 to 87 when Massachusetts uprising caused panic among state government. Table set for meeting in PA of delegates from all states to revise articles of Confederation in May 1787.