SKELETAL

• S- Swelling, bruising, inability to bear weight on the bone

  • Severe Symptoms- visibly out of place

Types of Fractures: broken bone

• Compound Fracture - A fully broken bone and is piercing through the skin

  • Caused by traumatic injury

  • may require the implantation of surgical pins and plates

• Simple Fracture - Broken bone but skin stays intact

  • Classifications

    • Complete Fracture - bone is broken all the way across

    • Incomplete Fracture - bone is not broken across the bone

• Hairline Fracture - Small cracks in the bone (incomplete)

  • Occurs in individuals with low bone density

  • Overuse can cause injury

• Greenstick Fractures - Bone is broken on one side and bends on the other (incomplete)

• Transverse Fraction - Bone is broken perpendicular to bone length (complete)

  • Categorized

    • Non-displaced- pieces remain in alignment

    • Displaced pieces move and leave a gap between them

• Oblique Fraction - Bone is broken at an angle across the whole bone

• Spiral Fraction - Bone is broken in a twisting motion

  • Causes a fracture line which wraps around the bone

  • Most commonly occurred in long bones

  • Caused by rotational movement

• Comminuted Fraction - Bone is broken into three or more pieces

Bone Diseases and Disorders

Medical Professionals

• Primary care physicians

  • Orthopedic surgeons- specializes in bone and joint injuries

  • rheumatologist - specializes in arthritis

  • orthopedic oncologist - bone cancer treatments

• Osteopenia - The loss of bone mineral density over time

• Osteoporosis - Larger decrease in bone density

  • causes bone to lose strength

• Osteosarcoma - A malignant tumor of the bone

• Scoliosis - Is an abnormal lateral curve of the spinal column

  • places additional stress on trunk muscles

  • may affect the heart and lungs due to rib cage space

• Kyphosis - Exaggeration of the thoracic curvature producing a “humpback” appearance

  • causes weakened back muscles and can impair physical activities

• Lordosis - Exaggerated curvature of the lumbar spine producing a “swayback” appearance

• Arthritis - Inflammation of the joint

  • types of arthritis

    • osteoarthritis - most common type - middle to older aged individuals

    • rheumatoid arthritis - most severe type

    • acroarthritis - hands and feet

• Dislocation - Displacement of a bone from its joint

• Carpel Tunnel Syndrome - A condition caused by compression of median nerve