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Define respiration

  • Ventilation of lungs

- >breathing

  • Exchange of gases between 

-> air and blood

->blood and tissue fluid

  • Use of O2 in cellular metabolism

- > production of ATP

2. Contrast the conducting division and respiratory division

  • Conducting division: passages serve only for airflow, nostrils to bronchioles

  • Respiratory division: alveoli and distal gas-exchange regions

3. Compare upper and lower respiratory tracts

  • Upper Respiratory tract: organs in head and neck = nose through larynx

  • Lower respiratory tract: organs of the thorax= trachea through lungs

4. List the functions of the nose

  • Warms, cleanses, humidifier inhaled air

  • Detects odors

  • Resonating chamber that modifies the voice

  • Hairs (vibrissae) block inhalation of large particles

  • Mucus traps particles (helps so it doesnt get to lungs)

  • Mucus contains lyzozymes that kill bacteria

  • Cilia moves debris-laden mucus toward pharynx

  • Cold weather inhibits cilia= runny nose

5. Characterize the nasal cavity

  • Extends from nostrils  (Nares) to Choanae

  • Ethmoid and sphenoid bones make the roof of the nose

  • Palate forms the floor of the nose

  • Nasal septum divides cavity into right and left chambers called nasal fossae

  • Vestibule: dilated chamber

- Stratified squamous epithelium

-Vibrissae (guard hairs)

- Point of nose 

6. Define epistaxis

7. Describe the respiratory epithelium

  • Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

  • Goblet cells secrete mucus

  • Cilia propel mucus toward pharynx

  • Lines nasal cavity except for vestibule

8. Explain the function of erectile tissue in the inferior concha

  • Venous plexus

  • Swells with blood one side every 30-60 minutes

  • Restricts airflow through the fossa

  • Allowing engorged side time to recover from drying

  • Flow of air shifts between the right and left nostrils once or twice and hour

9. Describe the 3 regions of the pharynx

  • Nasopharynx: (throat/ nose area)

- posterior to choanae and receives auditory tubes and contains pharyngeal tonsils 

- air turns 90 degrees downward trapping large particles 

  • Oropharynx: (what you see when you open your mouth)

-contains palatine and lingual tonsils

  • Laryngopharynx: (lower throat, “GO” = goes past pharynx)

-epiglottis to cricoid cartilage (inferior end of larynx)

10. Describe the larynx (voicebox)

  • Glottis: superior opening

  • Epiglottis: flap of tissue that guard glottis

- directs food and drink to esophagus

Nine Cartilages:

  • Thyroid cartilage (adams apple): development is stimulated by testosterone

  • Vocal cord (produce sound): male cords are usually longer, thicker & vibrate more slowly

  • Infant larynx

-higher in throat, forms a continuous airway from nasal cavity that allows breathing while swallowing ( babys can drinks from a bottle and breath and well as eat)

-by age 2, more muscular tongue, forces larynx down

-epiglottis snaps shit if infant falls into extremely cold water