Tissue_Anatomy_and_Physiology__1_

There are only 4 primary tissues 

Epithelial tissue 

Connective tissue 

Nervous tissue 

Muscle tissue  

Describe a first name (simple, stratified) last name (Cuboidal, columnar, squamous) 

Simple is 1 row of cells 

Stratified 2 or more rows of cells 

2 types of epithelial tissue (defined by the cell shape and location) 

Glandular epithelial 

Covering and lining  

Characteristic of epithelial  

Stuck to the basement membrane (exhibit polarity has a inside or outside 

Top (Apical) and bottom (basement) end  of the epithelial tissue. 

Blood vessels have basement membrane then a row of epithelial cell 

Most glands are stratified cuboidal and stratified cuboidal 

Columnar: Digestive tract ( serve to either absorb things ) can see microvilli or cellia 

Pseudostratified (appears as if it stratified but is not) If each cell is connected to the basement membrane. 

Simple squamous , lining the blood vessels  

Stratified squamous (Skin) layers of squamous cells 

Cuboidal (glands ) 

Columnar ( respiratory and digestive  tract , cellia and microvilli) 

Epithelial tend to be more tight junction and desmosomes 

Transitional epithelial (lining the bladder , and uterus) can transition from looking like cuboidal to squamous. 

2 types of glands: 

Exocrine gland (release product outside of itself) (have a duct that causes release) 

Sweat glands  

Oil glands  

Bladder ( dumping 

Endocrine gland  

No duct 

Hormones which is directly dumped into blood 

Connective tissue  

Most abundant and widely distributed tissue type 

Not defined by living cells 

Structural element (extracellular matrix) 

Ground substance and proteins 

Proteins fiber 

Collagen: Makes connective tissue strong 

Elastic: Stretch  

Reticular:  Found in organ that are part of the lymphatic (immune) system and are highly branched. 

They trap stuff they are found in liver, and filter. 

Type of connective tissue 

Connective tissue proper: - Areolar  

                                                    -  Adipose  

                                                   - Reticular  

Info  

Areolar: look like pink cotton candy  -It is found everywhere (specifically in skin) 

                 -Only connective tissue where all 3 proteins fibers are in his extracellular matrix 

                - it has a gel like ground substance  

Adipose: Closely packed to each other (looks like marshmallows) 

Functions is storage of nutrient and energy (lipids) 

Protection against heat loss 

Reticular:  

Looks like grapes 

Found in lymphatic or immune system  

Dense regular connective tissue : made up of collagen fiber parralel (found in tendons, ligaments) 

Tendon connect muscle to bones  

Ligament connect bone to bone 

Withstand forces in one directions 

Dense irregular connective tissue: 

Can withstand force in multiple directions 

Elastic :  

Made up of elastic fiber 

Found in the blood vessels 

Cartilage  connective tissue: 

Types  

Hyaline:  Precursor to bone,  

embryonic skeletal system is hyaline 

Hyaline turns to bone 

Growth plates are hyaline  

Ends of all long bones are hyaline  because they are the left over of embryonic  

Rib cage  

Elastic:  Looks like teeth 

More elastic than hyaline 

External ears  

A lot of E’s They maintain their shape but can bend 

Fribrocartilage: 

Absorb chock 

Dense  

It is thick  

Found in the intervertebral disk, pubic symphysis, and meniscus. 

Connective tissue bone  

Strongest tissue in the body looks like a tree trunk 

Compact bone  

Made up of calcium and collagen  

Connective tissue blood 

Made up of extracellular matrix(plasma) 

Made up of plasma and living cell 

It is the only one that is transporting  

Muscle tissue  

Only tissue that can contract  

Vascular  

Three type  

Skeletal  Voluntary  and are striated  

Cardiac Involuntary , striated 

Smooth  : involuntary muscle , smooth  , lines organ  

Nervous tissue:  

Has two group of cells  

Only excitable tissue  

Neurons excitable cells that form the major active parts of the nervous systemL 

Neuroglia: supporting cells 

Epidermis  

Dermis  

Hypodermis ( adipose tissue) 

Smooth muscle tissue heals faster than bone tissue 

Extra cellular matrix is made up of fluid and proteins. 

Bone is not a primary tissue  

Skeletal muscle is a type of muscle tissue 

The only tissue that is not defined or recognized by its cell is the connective tissue. 

There is a relation between those 4 primary tissues  

In the skin the Epithelial tissue is on the very top, then, underneath it is connective tissue, then, muscle tissue. 

Glands are made up of epithelial tissue 

Femur is an organ made up