DF3 notes 

fractional distillation- works by separating hydrocarbons by their boiling point. The longer the chain the greater the attraction between the molecules. The distillation column is colder at the hot and hotter at the bottom so hydrocarbons are heated until they are gases then rise up the column until they reach their boiling point and condense where they are pipped off.

Homologous series- a series of compounds that have the same general formula and functional groups Functional groups- the part of a molecule that gives it its function/properties

Aromatic molecule- a molecule containing a benzene ring Aliphatic molecule- a molecule that doesn’t contain a benzene ring

Arene- a hydrocarbon that contains a benzene ring

• Alkanes mix well with each other but don’t mix well with water, they form 2 separate layers
• Alkanes boiling point increases as the number of carbons in the chain increases. Increased length increases the strength of the intermolecular forces as there are more intermolecular bonds.