Exam Study Notes Module 5 done

Located on the Acropolis in Athens.
A temple dedicated to the goddess Athena.
Construction occurred over 2500 years ago.
In 1687, the Parthenon was used as an ammunition depot by Ottoman forces.
A mortar from the Venetian army hit the roof, causing an explosion and structural damage.
Between 1801 and 1803, Thomas Bruce, Earl of Elgin, removed pieces of the Parthenon's frieze.
Elgin took about 247 feet of the frieze, 15 metopes, a caryatid from the Erechtheion, and fragments from the temple of Athena Nike.
The Parthenon Marbles (formerly called the "Elgin Marbles") are in the British Museum in London.
Greece has requested repatriation of the marbles since 1983.
Three factors influencing the debate: awareness of looted art, the new Acropolis Museum, and UNESCO's recommendation.

Originally built in 1874 to house Acropolis excavations.
Refurbished after World War II.
In 2000, an architectural competition was held for a new museum structure.
The winning design was by Bernard Tschumi and Michael Photiades.
The museum highlights works from the Acropolis and the view of the Acropolis itself.
Opened in June 2009.
Modern design contrasts with the Classical style.
The museum dramatically takes up space at the base of the Acropolis.
Inside, viewers can see a panoramic view of the Parthenon and archaeological remains below through a glass floor.
Steel beams reconstruct the pediment, highlighting vacant spaces where the Parthenon Marbles would be.
The museum defies the British Museum's claim that London could better preserve the art.

Pottery is virtually indestructible and useful for scholars.
Excellent tool for dating.
Enables researchers to locate ancient sites and reconstruct their nature.
Points to evidence of trade between groups.
Individual pots and their painted decoration can be studied to answer questions about religion, daily life, and society.

Made of terracotta (fired clay).
Ancient Greek pots and cups, or "vases", were fashioned into various shapes and sizes.
A vessel's form correlates with its intended function.
The krater was used to mix water and wine during a Greek symposion (an all-male drinking party).
The hydria was used for collecting, carrying, and pouring water, featuring a bulbous body, a pinched spout, and three handles.

Statue showing a triumphant athlete tying a ribbon around his head after a victory.
Ribbons were given to winning athletes at ancient Greek sports festivals.
Later, athletes received a wreath of leaves (olive, laurel, or wild celery) at the awards ceremony.
Victor statues were intended to immortalize successful athletes.
Sculptors favored bronze, but many were carved from marble.
Set on bases with a dedication to a god, the athlete's name, father's name, home town, and contest.

The river Alpheios swept away the hippodrome.
The river Kladeios destroyed part of the gymnasium.
A layer of silt was deposited over the entire site following earthquakes and storms.
Rediscovered in 1766 by Richard Chandler.
Full-scale excavations sponsored by the German government from 1875.
The German Archaeological Institute continues to investigate the site.

Located at the Acropolis in Athens.
Smallest temple at the Acropolis.
Construction completed in 420 B.C.E. during the High Classical Period, designed by Kallikrates.
Replaced an earlier temple destroyed during the Persian wars.
The spot was appropriate for the worship of the goddess of victory.
The location was used for religious rituals in the Mycenaean age (1600 to 1100 B.C.E.).
Mycenaeans raised the first defensive bastion on the spot.