art exam 2

Sarcophagus with reclining couple.

1. What is the title of the artwork? Sarcophagus with reclining couple.
2. What culture created this artwork? ancient estrucan.
3. What period was it created in? Archaic.
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 520 BCE.
5. What is the subject of the artwork? an urn intended to hold the material remains of the deceased.
6. What is the artwork's function? funerary banquet.
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? terracotta.
8. Where was it created/ displayed? Banditaccia necropolis, Cerveteri, Italy
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? Estrucans
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? tomb stone
11. What iconography does the artwork display? a banquet
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? greek art
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? the Etruscans' belief in the continuation of relationships and companionship in the afterlife

Tomb of the Leopards

1. What is the title of the artwork? Tomb of the Leopards
2. What culture created this artwork? estrucan.
3. What period was it created in? Archaic.
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 480 BCE.
5. What is the subject of the artwork? a banquet
6. What is the artwork's function? an Etruscan burial chamber
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? solid rock, fresco wall mural
8. Where was it created/ displayed? Necropolis of Monterozzi, near Tarquinia, Lazio, Italy
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? Estrucans
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? vault or resting place
11. What iconography does the artwork display? a burial chamber
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? reflected the lives of Etruscans
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? a festivity or banquet where women were participated in as oppose to Greek and Roman societies where females were regarded as inferior therefore had no rights to attend

Apulu

1. What is the title of the artwork? Apulu
2. What culture created this artwork? estrucan.
3. What period was it created in? Archaic.
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 500 BCE.
5. What is the subject of the artwork? the moment in ancient myth where Apollo confronts Hercules over his theft of the Ceryneian hind
6. What is the artwork's function? to honor the god Apollo and to demonstrate the prosperity of the Veii area in the face of increasing Roman dominance
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? terracotta
8. Where was it created/ displayed? the Portonaccio sanctuary of ancient Veii, Latium, in what is now central Italy
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? VULCA OF VEII
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? honor or recognition
11. What iconography does the artwork display? an honor to the god Apollo
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? represents all the best of the innovations in art that happened during this time period
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? It is believed that the Apollo of Veii terracotta statue was mounted facing Heracles, in a standoff over the god Apollo's sister's beloved deer.

Aule Metele

1. What is the title of the artwork? Aule Metele
2. What culture created this artwork? estrucan.
3. What period was it created in? Republican
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? early 1st century BCE
5. What is the subject of the artwork? an Etrusco-Roman man
6. What is the artwork's function? for votive offering
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? bronze
8. Where was it created/ displayed? Lake Trasimeno
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? N/A
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? officer/worker in law
11. What iconography does the artwork display? an Etruscan man dressed and behaving as a Roma
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? the mixing of Etruscan and Roman styles and culture
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? The image, status, and stature of the magistrate (law officer) in the course of performing the duties of his office commands respect

Portrait of a general

1. What is the title of the artwork? Portrait of a general
2. What culture created this artwork? ancient roman
3. What period was it created in? Republican
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 75 - 50 BCE
5. What is the subject of the artwork? a portrait of a roman general
6. What is the artwork's function? N/A
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? marble
8. Where was it created/ displayed? Sanctuary of Hercules at Tivoli
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? Titan
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? verism
11. What iconography does the artwork display? depicts a head that does not look like it would belong with the body attached to it
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? In Roman culture, the face shows the type of character. The body though is for vanity reasons such as he doesn't want to show his old body, a new body shows strength.
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? To show his rank in the army and hold up the heavy marble statue, there is a cuirass at his side. He has strong experience and wisdom and trustworthy

Temple of Portunus

1. What is the title of the artwork? Temple of Portunus
2. What culture created this artwork? ancient roman
3. What period was it created in? Republican
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 75 BCE
5. What is the subject of the artwork? main temple dedicated to the god in the city, Portunus, the god of keys, doors and livestock, and so granaries
6. What is the artwork's function? Dedicated to their god, Portunus
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? tufa and travertine with marble veneer
8. Where was it created/ displayed? Rome
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? Herakles Victor
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? peristyle (a porch)
11. What iconography does the artwork display? Dedication to their god
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? well preserved architecture and the inspiration that architecture has fostered, but also as a reminder of what the built landscape of Rome was once like
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? Portunus, a youthful god associated with water crossings and seaports

from the fauces of a house

1. What is the title of the artwork? from the fauces of a house
2. What culture created this artwork? ancient roman
3. What period was it created in? Republican
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 2nd century BCE
5. What is the subject of the artwork? narrow passages on either side of the tablinum, through which access could be obtained from the atrium to the peristylar court in the rear
6. What is the artwork's function? a passageway or entrance way
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? 1st Style Roman fresco
8. Where was it created/ displayed? Rome
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? romans
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? passageway
11. What iconography does the artwork display? N/A
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? an architectural build that man romans used
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? entrances/passageways on both sides of the home

Villa of Mysteries

1. What is the title of the artwork? Villa of Mysteries
2. What culture created this artwork? ancient roman
3. What period was it created in? Republican
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 50 BCE
5. What is the subject of the artwork? a villa
6. What is the artwork's function? providing a luxurious and comfortable place in which to live. the production and sale of wine.
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? Dionysiac frieze Second Style frescoes
8. Where was it created/ displayed? Pompeii
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? romans
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? a home or comfortable working place
11. What iconography does the artwork display? N/A
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? are believed to depict a rite associated with a "mystery cult" of Dionysus or Bacchus—the god of wine, fertility, theatre, madness and ecstasy. Greco-Roman mystery cults were religious schools reserved for initiates known as "mystai".
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? the initiation of a woman into matrimony in accordance with the Dionysian Mysteries

Augustus of Primaporta

1. What is the title of the artwork? Augustus of Primaporta
2. What culture created this artwork? Ancient Greek
3. What period was it created in? Early Imperial period
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 20 BCE
5. What is the subject of the artwork? Augustus of Primaporta
6. What is the artwork's function? function was to transmit an important imperial message to the viewer, and the message of this statue is that the Emperor Augustus is a strong and victorious warrior and a god.
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? marble copy of a bronze original
8. Where was it created/ displayed? the villa of Livia in Prima Porta
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? unknown
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? strong young man
11. What iconography does the artwork display? portrait of the emperor
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? The Augustus of Primaporta is one of the ways that the ancients used art for propagandistic purposes
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? the Emperor Augustus is a strong and victorious warrior and a god. Many aspects of this statue communicate both his military accomplishments and his divinity simultaneously.

Female Personification of Peace relief panel from the Ara Pacis

1. What is the title of the artwork? Female Personification of Peace relief panel from the Ara Pacis
2. What culture created this artwork? Ancient roman
3. What period was it created in? Early Imperial period
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 9 BCE
5. What is the subject of the artwork? fine art, visual, sculpture, and female
6. What is the artwork's function? to show a woman's perspective of peace relief
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? n/a
8. Where was it created/ displayed? Rome, Italy
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? marble
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? scholars have variously suggested that the goddess is Italia, Tellus (Earth), Venus Genetrix or Pax (Peace)
11. What iconography does the artwork display? widespread depiction around the sculpture of scenes of peace
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? the theme stressed is the harmony and abundance of Italy, a theme central to Augustus' message of a restored peaceful state for the Roman people
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? peace through victory brought about by Augustus

Third Style fresco wall painting

1. What is the title of the artwork? Third Style fresco wall painting
2. What culture created this artwork? Ancient roman
3. What period was it created in? Early Imperial period
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 10 BCE
5. What is the subject of the artwork? a single monochrome background—such as red, black, or white—with elaborate architectural and vegetal details
6. What is the artwork's function? incorporated fantastic and stylized columns and pediments that could only exist in the imagined space of a painted wall
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? a wall, slaked lime and coarse sand
8. Where was it created/ displayed? Rome, Italy
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? unknown
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? monochromatic walls
11. What iconography does the artwork display? scenes of the Nile as well as Egyptian deities and motifs
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? it was another type of painting style
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? Egyptian themes and imagery, including scenes of the Nile as well as Egyptian deities and motifs

4th Style Frescoes

1. What is the title of the artwork? 4th Style Frescoes from the Domus Aurea
2. What culture created this artwork? Ancient roman
3. What period was it created in? Early Imperial period
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 64 - 68 CE
5. What is the subject of the artwork? Architectural Illusionism
6. What is the artwork's function? a sign of wealth that typified the houses of the rich merchants of Pompeii before the catastrophe
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? a wall, slaked lime and coarse sand
8. Where was it created/ displayed? Rome, Italy
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? Famulus
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? designs or decorations
11. What iconography does the artwork display? a sign of wealth
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? the most extravagant construction in the history of Rome
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? wealth, to show/give a sign of wealth

The Colosseum - Flavian Amphitheatre

1. What is the title of the artwork? The Colosseum - Flavian Amphitheatre
2. What culture created this artwork? Ancient roman
3. What period was it created in? Early Imperial period
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 70 - 80 CE
5. What is the subject of the artwork? demonstrations of power and family prestige
6. What is the artwork's function? hosted events like gladiatorial games
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? concrete
8. Where was it created/ displayed? Rome, Italy
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? unknown
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? auditorium, theater
11. What iconography does the artwork display? the power, genius, and brutality of the Roman Empire
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? the site of blood-sport entertainment involving gladiators, wild animals and more
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? power, brilliance, and brutality of the Roman Empire

Trajan's Column

1. What is the title of the artwork? Trajan's Column
2. What culture created this artwork? Ancient roman
3. What period was it created in? n/a
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 2nd century CE
5. What is the subject of the artwork? Trajan's wars in Dacia
6. What is the artwork's function? commemorates Roman emperor Trajan's victory in the Dacian Wars
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? fine-grained Luna marble
8. Where was it created/ displayed? Rome, Italy
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? APOLLODORUS OF DAMASCUS
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? a structure or display of remembrance
11. What iconography does the artwork display? Trajan's wars in Dacia
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? a source of military history and topographical information about the Roman Empire
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? Roman military campaigns in Dacia

the Pantheon

1. What is the title of the artwork? the Pantheon
2. What culture created this artwork? Ancient roman
3. What period was it created in? high Imperial period
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 2nd century CE
5. What is the subject of the artwork? the twelve Gods and to the living Sovran
6. What is the artwork's function? unknown
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? concrete
8. Where was it created/ displayed? Rome, Italy
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? Agrippa
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? all-worship or all-gods
11. What iconography does the artwork display? the house of all gods worshiped by ancient roman
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? to promote the emperor's power and legitimacy
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? the power of the emperors and their divine authority

the Column Pedestal of Antoninus Pius

1. What is the title of the artwork? Relief panels from the Column Pedestal of Antoninus Pius
2. What culture created this artwork? Ancient roman
3. What period was it created in? high Imperial period
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 2nd century CE
5. What is the subject of the artwork? two moments in the ceremony of consecratio (enrollment of the emperor among the gods, i.e., deification or apotheosis)
6. What is the artwork's function? commemorates the divinization of Pius and Faustina
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? Italian marble
8. Where was it created/ displayed? Rome, Italy
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? unknown
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? in honor of their emperor
11. What iconography does the artwork display? commemorates the divinization of Pius and Faustina
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? to promote the emperor's power and legitimacy
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? It commemorates the divinization of Pius and Faustina, as shown by the relief on the front of the pedestal, there are also parades shown.

Equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius

1. What is the title of the artwork? Equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius
2. What culture created this artwork? Ancient roman
3. What period was it created in? high Imperial period
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 175 CE
5. What is the subject of the artwork? the Roman emperor on horseback
6. What is the artwork's function? for the study of official Roman portraiture, but also for the consideration of monumental dedications.
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? bronze
8. Where was it created/ displayed? Rome, Italy
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? Alfred barye
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? victory
11. What iconography does the artwork display? to portray the emperor as victorious and all-conquering
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? the only Roman emperor equestrian statue to survive to the present
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? someone with power and divine grandeur

Procession Relief from the Arch Septimius Severus

1. What is the title of the artwork? Procession Relief from the Arch Septimius Severus
2. What culture created this artwork? Ancient roman
3. What period was it created in? late Imperial period
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 203 CE
5. What is the subject of the artwork? Roman soldiers with captured Parthians.
6. What is the artwork's function? to commemorate the Emperor's victory against the Parthians
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? lime stone and marble
8. Where was it created/ displayed? Leptis Magna
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? Septimius Severus
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? war
11. What iconography does the artwork display? scenes of the Roman wars against the Parthian Empire
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? The arch was a way that the emperor could show his Roman patriotism while also keeping traditions alive
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? the prisoners of war

Christ as Savior of Souls icon

1. What is the title of the artwork? Christ as Savior of Souls icon
2. What culture created this artwork? byzantine
3. What period was it created in? Late Byzantine
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 14th century CE
5. What is the subject of the artwork? With his right hand he blesses, while in his left hand he holds a closed gospel
6. What is the artwork's function? n/a
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? paint and silver on wood
8. Where was it created/ displayed? Ochrid Icon Gallery, Ochrid, Macedonia
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? n/a
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? all powerful, a ruler to all
11. What iconography does the artwork display? Christ as all powerful
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? signifies Jesus in his glory and showing admiration for all his doing
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? all powerful and a savior of souls

Aqueduct + Amphitheatre

a channel used to transport water + a stadium

Central-planning

decision are made by a central government/authority instead of by the people in marketing

Not studied (24)

Select these 24

Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus

1. What is the title of the artwork? Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus
2. What culture created this artwork? Ancient roman
3. What period was it created in? late Imperial period
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 250 - 60 CE
5. What is the subject of the artwork? Roman values of heroic struggle and glorification of the hero, as well as themes of good over evil and civilized men over barbarians
6. What is the artwork's function? a memorial to the wars between the Ostrogoths and Imperial Romans then taking place.
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? marble
8. Where was it created/ displayed? Palazzo Altemps in Rome
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? n/a
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? memorial
11. What iconography does the artwork display? romans and goths in battle
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? The Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus is significant for its advanced artistry, portrayal of combat that reflects a combination with social and political changes in Late Imperial Rome
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? good over evil and civilized men over barbarians

Triumphal Arch of Constantine + Largesse Relief

1. What is the title of the artwork? Triumphal Arch of Constantine + Largesse Relief
2. What culture created this artwork? Ancient roman
3. What period was it created in? late Imperial period
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 315 CE
5. What is the subject of the artwork? in arranged activities that demonstrate the ruler's authority and respect by addressing troops
6. What is the artwork's function? commemorates Roman Emperor Constantine's victory over the Roman tyrant Maxentius
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? brick-faced concrete covered in marble
8. Where was it created/ displayed? Rome
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? Constantine I
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? respect, control
11. What iconography does the artwork display? the reliefs show a march
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? to commemorate the monumental victory of Emperor Constantine I over his rival Maxentius at the Battle of Milvian Bridge
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? the Christianization of Rome and the Romanization of Christianity

The Good Shepherd and Jonah Story

1. What is the title of the artwork? The Good Shepherd and Jonah Story
2. What culture created this artwork? christian roman
3. What period was it created in? late Antiquity period
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 300 CE
5. What is the subject of the artwork? the message of salvation through the biblical story of Jonah
6. What is the artwork's function? ceiling frescoes, decoration
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? applying pigments to wet plaster (Mulett)
8. Where was it created/ displayed? Rome
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? n/a
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? biblical, decoration
11. What iconography does the artwork display? a large circle in the center with a cross around it, symbolizing Christianity
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? represent the 'ram bearer' with its connotations of philanthropy and loving care
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? Jesus' loving search for each child of God

Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus

1. What is the title of the artwork? Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus
2. What culture created this artwork? christian roman
3. What period was it created in? late Antiquity period
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 359 CE
5. What is the subject of the artwork? scenes from the life of Christ
6. What is the artwork's function? used for the burial of Junius Bassus
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? marble
8. Where was it created/ displayed? Museum of Saint Peter's Basilica
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? n/a
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? resting place
11. What iconography does the artwork display? Christ's triumphal entry into Jerusalem
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? witnesses the adoption of the tradition of Greek and Roman art by Christian artists
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? Jesus' loving search for each child of GodChrist's sacrifice

Christ as Good Shepherd

1. What is the title of the artwork? Christ as Good Shepherd
2. What culture created this artwork? christian roman
3. What period was it created in? late Antiquity period
4. When was the artwork created (approximate date)? 425
5. What is the subject of the artwork? the creation of mankind on the sixth day
6. What is the artwork's function? decoration, mosaic
7. What medium/ materials was it created out of? wet plaster
8. Where was it created/ displayed? mosaic from Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Italy
9. Who was the patron/ who was the artist? salviati
10. What terms can this artwork be associated with? biblical, christian
11. What iconography does the artwork display? Christ's triumphal entry into Jerusalem
12. Is the artwork associated with specific historical events? yes
13. What art historical value does the artwork have? represents a transition period between the naturalistic depictions of the classical period in art history and the stylized representations of the medieval period
14. What themes/ concepts are associated with the artwork? a depiction of Christ symbolic and traditional of Byzantine art during the conversion of Christianity in Roman provinces