AP Gov Fed 70

Written by Alexander Hamilton!

Goal: To defend the Constitution with a need for a strong executive branch

Main Argument: The U.S. needs a single energetic executive (president) to ensure good government.

Why it matters:

  • A weak executive leads to a weak government.

  • Energy = ability to act quickly, decisively, and effectively.

Hamilton defines energy as essential for:

  • Protection against foreign attacks

  • Steady administration of laws

  • Protection of property and liberty

  • Security of freedom against factions and anarchy

Key Qualities of an Energetic Executive

  1. Unity – One person, not a council

  2. Duration – Stable term length

  3. Support – Adequate salary and resources

  4. Competent Powers – Enough authority to act effectively

Hamilton’s reasoning:

  • Speed and decisiveness: A single leader can act fast in crises.

  • Accountability: It’s clear who to blame or reward.

Avoids conflict: Multiple executives would argue and slow decisions.

The President is energetic, not absolute.

Still subject to:

  • Congressional oversight

  • Judicial review

  • Elections and impeachment

  • Federalist No. 70 supports a strong, unitary executive to ensure government effectiveness and accountability.


Often paired with Federalist No. 51 (checks and balances).