Comprehensive Study Guide for English First Semester Final Summative Semester Exam
Asking and Giving Opinion
Asking and Giving Opinion expressions are used to inquire about another person's thoughts or to express a personal perspective on a specific subject. When Asking for Opinion, common phrases include "What do you think about…?", "How do you feel about…?", and "What is your opinion on…?". To provide a response or Giving Opinion, one might use "I think…", "In my opinion…", or "From my point of view…".
To illustrate this interaction, consider the following conversation example. Person A asks: "What do you think about our new classroom?" Person B responds: "I think it is very clean and comfortable."
Modal "Should"
The modal verb "Should" is utilized to provide advice, recommendations, or an opinion regarding what is considered the correct or best action to take. The fundamental formula for using this modal verb is .
In positive sentences (+), the structure is applied as follows: "You should study hard for the exam" (Kamu seharusnya belajar giat untuk ujian). For negative sentences (-), "should" is combined with "not" to form "shouldn't": "You shouldn't (should not) sleep late" (Kamu seharusnya tidak tidur larut malam). In interrogative sentences (?), the modal verb is placed at the beginning: "Should we start the meeting now?" (Apakah kita sebaiknya memulai rapat sekarang?).
Poster and Social Media Post
Both posters and social media posts are functional texts designed to deliver information visually and persuasively to invite or persuade the reader. A Poster typically combines graphic design with text that is short, concise, and striking. These often utilize imperative sentences to provide clear commands or invitations, such as "Save Water, Save Life!" or "Keep Our School Clean!".
In contrast, a Social Media Post consists of media, such as photos or videos, accompanied by a caption. The language used in these posts tends to be more relaxed and interactive. Additionally, social media posts frequently employ hashtags to reach a broader audience.
Presentation
When delivering a presentation in English, a formal structural sequence must be followed to ensure the material is delivered systematically. The Presentation consists of three main segments: Opening, Content, and Closing.
The Opening involves greeting the audience and stating the primary topic. Useful phrases include "Good morning everyone, today I'd like to talk about…" or "Let me introduce myself, my name is…". The Content segment involves presenting the main points in a sequence using signposting transitions such as "First,…", "Second,…", "Next,…", and "Finally,…". The Closing segment is used to summarize the material and open a session for listener interaction. Phrases for this include "Thank you for your attention. Any questions?".
Procedural Text
A Procedural Text provides instructions regarding the steps or methods for making or doing something in a specific order. The Generic Structure of the text includes the Goal or Aim, which states the purpose (often found in the title, such as "How to make iced tea"); the Materials or Ingredients, which lists the tools and items needed; and the Steps or Methods, which details the sequential actions.
Linguistic characteristics of procedural texts include the use of action verbs (imperative verbs) at the start of sentences, such as "Cut", "Pour", "Mix", or "Boil". The text also utilizes temporal conjunctions to indicate timing and sequence, such as "First", "Second", "Then", "Next", "After that", and "Finally".
Simple Past Tense
The Simple Past Tense is used to express an action or occurrence that happened and was completed in the past. Common Adverbs of Time associated with this tense include "Yesterday", "last week", "two days ago", "an hour ago", and "in 2025".
For verbal sentences involving predicates, the formulas are as follows: the Positive (+) formula is , for example, "She watched a movie yesterday." The Negative (-) formula is , for example, "She didn't watch a movie yesterday." The Interrogative (?) formula is , for example, "Did she watch a movie yesterday?"
Degree of Comparison
Degree of Comparison is used to compare the characteristics or qualities of two or more objects using adjectives. There are three levels: Positive, Comparative, and Superlative.
The Positive Degree is used for equal comparison where two things have the same level of a quality. The formula is . For example: "Siti is as tall as Tina" (Siti sama tingginya dengan Tina). The Comparative Degree is used to compare two things with different levels of a quality. For adjectives with 1 syllable, add the suffix "-er" and "than": "My house is smaller than yours." For adjectives with more than 2 syllables, add "more" before the adjective and "than" after: "This book is more expensive than that one."
The Superlative Degree compares one thing against its entire group (more than two things) to indicate the most or least of a quality. For 1 syllable adjectives, add the prefix "the" and the suffix "-est": "He is the smartest student in the class." For adjectives with more than 2 syllables, use "the most" before the adjective: "Borobudur is the most beautiful temple."
Adverb of Manner
An Adverb of Manner functions to explain how an action or deed is performed by a subject. Generally, these are formed by adding the suffix "-ly" to an adjective. Examples include "Quick" becoming "Quickly", "Beautiful" becoming "Beautifully", and "Careful" becoming "Carefully".
There are specific Irregular Forms that do not use the "-ly" suffix when transitioning into an adverb. These include "Good" becoming "Well", and both "Fast" and "Hard" remaining "Fast" and "Hard" respectively. Examples in sentences include: "He runs quickly to catch the bus", "She speaks English well", and "They studied hard for the test."