Comprehensive Botanical Classification Guide

Bud Size Classification

  • Large Buds (4 Species Total):

    • Sycamore / Plane tree (Platanus)
    • Poplar (Populus)
    • Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)
    • Lilac (Syringa)

  • Small Buds (5 Species Total):

    • Mulberry (Morus; local name: tut / тут)
    • Willow (Salix; local name: tal / тал)
    • Karagach / Siberian elm (Ulmus)
    • Apricot (Prunus armeniaca)
    • Apple tree (Malus)

Wood and Phloem Characteristics (Page 32)

  • Strongly Developed Phloem Layer / Bast Layer (3 Species Total):

    • Mulberry (Morus)
    • Flax (Linum usitatissimum)
    • Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus)

  • Hardwood / Hard Wood (6 Species Total):

    • Karagach (Ulmus)
    • Maple (Acer)
    • Saxaul (Haloxylon)
    • Walnut (Juglans)
    • Oak (Quercus)
    • Apricot (Prunus armeniaca)

  • Softwood / Soft Wood (3 Species Total):

    • Willow (Salix)
    • Poplar (Populus)
    • Oleaster / Silverberry (Elaeagnus; local name: dzhida / джида)

Stem Growth Rates (Page 34)

  • Fast-Growing Stems (6 Species Total):

    • Willow (Salix)
    • Poplar (Populus)
    • Sycamore / Plane tree (Platanus)
    • Walnut (Juglans)
    • Sweet cherry (Prunus avium)
    • Grape / Vine (Vitis)

  • Slow-Growing Stems (5 Species Total):

    • Pear (Pyrus)
    • Hawthorn (Crataegus)
    • Caucasian hackberry (Celtis caucasica)
    • Pistachio (Pistacia)
    • Juniper (Juniperus)

Types of Compound Leaves (Page 38)

  • Trifoliate / Ternately Compound Leaves (5 Species Total):

    • Clover (Trifolium)
    • Bean / Common bean (Phaseolus)
    • Mung bean / Golden gram (Vigna radiata)
    • Alfalfa / Lucerne (Medicago sativa)
    • Strawberry (Fragaria)

  • Palmately Compound Leaves (2 Species Total):

    • Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)
    • Parthenocissus / Virginian creeper (Parthenocissus)

  • Even-Pinnately Compound / Paripinnate Leaves (2 Species Total):

    • Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
    • Honey locust / Gleditsia (Gleditsia)

  • Odd-Pinnately Compound / Imparipinnate Leaves (5 Species Total):

    • Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
    • Walnut (Juglans)
    • Rosehip / Dog rose (Rosa canina)
    • Rose (Rosa)
    • Acacia (Acacia)

  • Modified Terminal Leaflets (Tendrils or Curls Instead of Terminal Leaflet) (2 Species Total):

    • Pea (Pisum sativum)
    • Chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

Leaf Arrangement and Phyllotaxy (Page 39)

  • Alternate Leaf Arrangement (10 Species Total):

    • Cotton (Gossypium)
    • Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
    • Apple tree (Malus)
    • Apricot (Prunus armeniaca)
    • Poplar (Populus)
    • Mulberry (Morus)
    • Rose (Rosa)
    • Psoralea (Psoralea)
    • Hawthorn (Crataegus)
    • Grape (Vitis)

  • Opposite Leaf Arrangement (10 Species Total):

    • Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
    • Mint (Mentha)
    • Carnation / Clove pink (Dianthus)
    • Privet / Ligustrum (Ligustrum)
    • Lilac (Syringa)
    • St. John's Wort (Hypericum)
    • Ziziphora (Ziziphora)
    • Sage (Salvia)
    • Nettle (Urtica)
    • Trichodesma (Trichodesma)

  • Whorled Leaf Arrangement (3 Species Total):

    • Oleander (Nerium oleander)
    • Field horsetail (Equisetum arvense)
    • Bedstraw / Galium (Galium)