Biologie Moléculaire et Génétique
Academic Year 2024-2025
- Instructors: Dr. Souheyla BENSALMA, Dr. Khadidja ALILICHE
- Course: Molecular Biology
- Coefficient: 4
- Credits: 8
- Bachelor 3, Specialty: Biochemistry
- Unit of Teaching: Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering
From Traditional Biology to Biotechnology
Biology in the 20th Century
- Main Themes:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetic Engineering
- Biotechnology
History and Objective of Molecular Biology
- 1930 - 1960:
- Understanding the phenomena of life, particularly heredity, at the molecular level of living beings.
- Early 1960s:
- Introduction of genetic engineering as a set of techniques and methods applicable to hereditary molecules.
Course Outline
- General Introduction: From cell to molecule
- Part 1: The genetic information support, DNA
- Part 2: The expression of genetic information and its control
- Part 3: Basic techniques of molecular biology
General Introduction: From Cell to Molecule
Characteristics of Cells
- All organisms: Composed of one or more cells.
- Fundamental Unit: The cell.
- Complexity of cells: Organized and predictable ultrastructure.
- Functions of cells:
- Reproduction through cell division.
- Activities powered by chemical energy.
- Chemical reactions controlled by enzymes.
- Mechanical activities.
- Responses to stimuli.
- Remarkable self-regulation.
Types of Cells
- Prokaryotic Cells
- Eukaryotic Cells
- Coded in genes, essential for the construction of a cell.