Enlightenment
Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment Study Guide
What is a Salon? What impact did it have on the Enlightenment? (Pg 636)
A salon was a gathering of important people in a wealthy person's home where they had discussed ideas. It helped spread ideas which allowed people to debate them, which made a significant implant on the enlightenment.
2. What did Bacon and Descartes discover? Why is it still relevant today?
They discovered and reacted to the Scientific method. Bacon focused on observations and experiments white Descates had done reasoning, it is still used in science today.
3. How did Galileo’s promotion of the heliocentric model differ from the Church’s teachings of the universe?
Galileo said the sun was at the center of the universe (heliocentric) but the church said that the earth was at the center of the universe. This had created a lot of tension between the church and Galielo.
4. What form of government did Rousseau support? How does this differ from Hobbes?
Rousseau believed in direct democracy, where people vote on laws and Hobbes believed in a single monarchy to keep and maintain order.
5. How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the Enlightenment?
It showed that reasoning and science could help solve problems which had inspired people to explore and experiment.
6. What main ideas of John Locke’s were written into the Declaration of Independence?
Locke believed in natural rights (life, liberty, death and property). The declaration of independence also has this.
7. What rights and equality was Wollstonecraft advocating for during the Enlightenment?
Wollstonecraft fought for equal rights for women and educational rights for women.
8. Why weren’t more women involved in the Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution?
Women had significantly less rights at the time and had limited education so they were excluded from these beliefs.
9. What philosophers’ ideas are written in the US Constitution?
Motesque (separation of powers) , Locke (natural right) , and Roussou (social contract)
10. Describe the idea of separation of power and how our government follows this philosophy.
Separation of power is Montesquieu’s idea of power being split into three branches; lestlative, Executive, Judicial.
11. What are the Enlightenment despots? How did they help spread the Enlightenment?
These were absolute rules, who used enlightenment ideas and to improve their countries.
12. How did the Enlightenment influence the French and American Revolutions?
People wanted freedom, rights, and equality. Enlightenment gives them the right to unfair governments.
13. What is the social contract? Who is this social contract between?
Agreement between people and the government. People give up freedom in order for protection.
14. Who is Beccaria? What ideas did he prompt?
Person who spoke out against torture and unfair punishments.
15. What social class did the Enlightenment appeal to the most? Why?
The middle class due to them wanting to be more educated and protected.
16. List and explain the three long-term effects of the Enlightenment.
New artistic cycles - More focus of new art that isn’t related to religion
A World of New Ideas - More focus on science and less on religion
Importance of Individual Rights - People wanted more freedom and equality.
17. What were some of the reasons the scientific revolution began?
A few reasons included, new discoveries/ new tools.
18. What social class did the Enlightenment mainly impact?
Middle class people. Mainly because they wanted to become more educated than they already were. They weren’t as educated as higher class people but also received more education than lower class people.