Unit 3 AP Lang Vocab

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Vocabulary Unit 3

Schemes and Tropes

  1. anthypophora: n. a figure of reasoning in which one asks and then immediately answers one's own questions; Reasoning aloud.

    Ex. Who am I? I am a "Newyorkrican." For those of you on the West Coast who do not know what that term means: I am a born and bred New Yorker of Puerto Rican1 parents.

  2. antimetabole: n. when words are repeated in the next phrase of clause in reverse order

    Ex. When the going gets tough, the tough get going.

  3. oxymoron: n. words that have apparently contradictory meanings are placed near each other

    Ex. ... in New Jersey, boys and girls, after their 14th birthday, enjoy the pitiful privilege of working all night long... - Florence Kelley,2 1905

  4. paradox: n. a statement that is self-contradictory on the surface, yet seems to evoke a truth nonetheless

    Ex. Whoever loses his life, shall find it.3 - Matthew 16:25

  5. synecdoche: n. a part of something is used to refer to the whole

    Ex. Lend a hand.

  6. zeugma: n. when one part of speech (most often the main verb) governs two or more other parts of a sentence (often in a series)

    Ex. From the beginning, our heroes have been sailors, explorers, cowboys, prospectors, backwoods ramblers, rainbow-chasers, vagabonds of every stripe.4 - Scott Russell Sanders, 1994

Adjectives/Tones

  1. affected: adj. showing an attitude that is not natural or genuinely felt; appearing artificial or false

    Ex. Many times when a wealthy politician has tried to come across as a man of the people, voters have seen right through the affected behavior.

  2. ardent: adj. enthusiastic, passionate

    Ex. A motivational speech often calls for an ardent demeanor; it’s hard to inspire people when your voice is putting them to sleep.

  3. contentious: adj. aggressively combative; given to provoking an argument

    Ex. An experienced negotiator doesn’t mind using a contentious tone and should have a high threshold for awkwardness and conflict.

  4. disparate: adj. containing or made up of fundamentally different and often incongruous elements

Ex. The last State of the Union address covered a disparate array of topics from the war in Ukraine to the upcoming election in 2024.

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11. measured: adj. careful and controlled, deliberate, calculated

Ex: Mary Ewald employed a measured tone in her letter to Saddam Hussein, dialing down any anger she possibly felt over the imprisonment of her son.

12. palpable: adj. easily perceptible, noticeable

Ex: Jon Stewart demonstrates a palpable anger when he chastises Congress for not doing more to help the heroes of 9/11.

13. tenable: adj. capable of being held, maintained, or defended; reasonable

Ex: I think there is a tenable argument to be made that the school week should be four days, but only if each day was made longer.

Says-Does Verbs

14. convey: v. to impart or communicate by statement, suggestion, gesture, or appearance; communicate

Ex: She conveyed her message effectively with a short, memorable speech and great visuals.1

15. debunk: v. to expose as false

Ex: Rosa Parks debunked the notion that we as individuals are powerless to make a difference.

16. espouse: v. to take up and support as a cause

Ex: Record enthusiast Jack White has long espoused the benefits of vinyl and even went so far as to open a pressing plant in Detroit in 2017.

17. extol: v. to praise highly, glorify

Ex: In an article from 2008, Hal Brown extolled the benefits of wind farms, saying they are not only eco-friendly but highly profitable.

18. evince: v. to show clearly, to reveal the possession of a quality or trait

Ex: While the defendant had committed a serious crime, his sentence was reduced because he evinced a sincere remorse for what he had done.

19. reiterate: v. to state over again repeatedly

Ex: One suggestion I reiterate frequently is to stay specific in Says-Does statements and try to avoid clichés and generalities.

20. repudiate: v. to refuse to accept, to reject as untrue or unjust

Ex: The 1960s Woodstock generation famously repudiated the more conformist, strait-laced values of its forebears.