Antigen Response Process

Innate Portion - 1st Line of Defense

1. a break in the skin barrier, such as a cut, allows bacterial prokaryotes to enter

2. histamine is signaled and releases at the site

3. blood vessels dilate, stimulating an inflammatory response

4. platelets form scabs to close the cut

5. macrophages perform phagocytosis and hydrolyze cells in the lysosome

6. specific immune response is initiated through antigen presentation, then moves to lymph node full of lymphocytes

Adaptive Portion - Humoral Immune Response

7. The antigen of the pathogen is received by the antigen receptor, a helper T cell that recruits B and T lymphocytes

8. When B lymphocytes divide:

   • A) Primary/targeted immune response - plasma cells make and secrete antibodies so they can be tagged and killed by macrophages that recognize the tag. This response takes 7-14 days

   • B) Secondary response - memory cells in your blood are ready to release antibodies the next time you are exposed, making this process faster

9. When T lymphocytes divide:

• A) a cell mediated immune response occurs, as natural killer cells kill virus infected cells

• B) Memory T cells remember the same process as the prior response