Psychological and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Mood Disorders

• Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Persistent depressed mood and/or loss of interest with associated symptoms that impair functioning.

• Bipolar I Disorder: At least one manic episode; depressive episodes commonly occur but aren't required for diagnosis.

• Bipolar II Disorder: Hypomanic episodes plus major depressive episodes, without a history of full mania.

Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Trauma-Related Disorders

• Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): Excessive, difficult-to-control worry across multiple areas of life.

• Panic Disorder: Recurrent unexpected panic attacks with ongoing concern or behavioral changes related to them.

• Social Anxiety Disorder: Significant fear of social situations involving possible scrutiny or embarrassment.

• Specific Phobia: Intense fear of a particular object or situation, such as heights or spiders.

• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Intrusive obsessions and/or repetitive compulsions that cause significant distress or impairment.

• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Trauma-related symptoms such as intrusive memories, avoidance, negative mood/cognitions, and hyperarousal.

Psychotic Disorders

• Schizophrenia: Psychotic disorder involving symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking/behavior, and functional decline.

• Schizoaffective Disorder: Psychotic symptoms occurring with major mood episodes, with periods of psychosis also occurring independently of mood symptoms.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

• Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interfere with functioning.

• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Differences in social communication/interaction plus restricted or repetitive behaviors/interests.

Personality Disorders

• Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD): Pattern of instability in relationships, emotions, self-image, and impulse control.

• Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD): Persistent pattern of disregarding and violating the rights of others.

• Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD): Grandiosity, a need for admiration, and difficulties with empathy.

Questions & Discussion

• Question: What disorder is characterized by persistent depressed mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure, along with other symptoms that cause significant distress or impairment?

  • Answer: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

• Question: What disorder is characterized by excessive, difficult-to-control worry about multiple areas of life?

  • Answer: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

• Question: What disorder is characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks and persistent concern or behavioral changes related to having additional attacks?

  • Answer: Panic Disorder

• Question: What disorder is characterized by intense fear of social or performance situations because of possible embarrassment, rejection, or negative evaluation?

  • Answer: Social Anxiety Disorder

• Question: What disorder is characterized by intense fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation, such as heights, spiders, or flying?

  • Answer: Specific Phobia

• Question: What disorder involves unwanted, intrusive thoughts or urges and/or repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce anxiety?

  • Answer: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

• Question: What disorder can develop after exposure to trauma and involves symptoms such as intrusive memories, avoidance, negative mood or thoughts, and increased arousal?

  • Answer: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

• Question: What mood disorder is defined by the occurrence of at least one manic episode?

  • Answer: Bipolar I Disorder

• Question: What mood disorder is characterized by hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes, without a history of a full manic episode?

  • Answer: Bipolar II Disorder

• Question: What psychotic disorder involves symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and impaired functioning?

  • Answer: Schizophrenia

• Question: What disorder involves psychotic symptoms along with major mood episodes, with periods of psychosis occurring independently of mood symptoms?

  • Answer: Schizoaffective Disorder

• Question: What neurodevelopmental disorder is characterized by persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interfere with functioning?

  • Answer: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

• Question: What neurodevelopmental disorder is characterized by differences in social communication and interaction along with restricted or repetitive behaviors or interests?

  • Answer: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

• Question: What personality disorder is characterized by instability in relationships, emotions, self-image, and impulse control?

  • Answer: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

• Question: What personality disorder is characterized by a persistent pattern of disregarding and violating the rights of others?

  • Answer: Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)

• Question: What personality disorder is characterized by grandiosity, a need for admiration, and difficulties with empathy?

  • Answer: Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD)