chapter 15

 \n Certificate of Waiver- granted to labs that performs only waived tests \n Clinical Laboratory improvement Advisory Committee (CLIAC)- makes recommendations for good practice in a certificate of waiver laboratory.

Clinical Laboratory improvement Amendments (CLIA ’88)- requires laboratory personnel to be properly trained and certified and laboratories to be inspected and certified by CMS. \n Dipstick test- plastic stick with reagent pads which react with particular substances in the urine and change color in precise ways \n Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) - Rate at which RBC are setting in whole blood

ESR screens for inflammation

ESR testing must sit for 1 hr

What are the factors Affecting ESR Results?- Time from collection to testing, Testing time, Temperatur, Tilting and Vibrations

normal range of ESR for male is - 22

normal range of ESR for females is -29

how to do ESR testing ? - Wintrobe , westergren and modified westergren

Glucose testing- detect abnormal glucose levels and to monitor them \n Hematocrit - used as screening test for anemia and is measured as the packed cell volume of red blood cells or the percentage of red blood cells in whole blood \n High complexity- tests that require close attention to details, experience and training

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) - produced by the placenta during pregnancy which shows if a woman is pregnant. \n Microhematocrit- procedure for determining the hematopoietic and require only small amount of blood. \n Moderate complexity - not complex but require formal training \n Packed cell volume (PCV)- percentage of red blood cells in the body

Provider-performed microscopy procedures (PPMP)- performed by healthcare providers only for their own patients

what are some examples of PPMP procedure ? - fern tests , direct wet mouths, and pinworm examination

Reagents- lab test chemicals \n Rouleaux formation- RBC sticking to each other \n Standard operating procedures (SOP) - requirement for laboratory performing waived tests

Strep screening - used to determine if the bacteria that causes strep throat ( Group A Streptococcus ) is present in the throat \n Urinalysis- tool used to evaluate substances found in the urine

waived testing sample procedures consist of ?- pregnant and covid test, less training , and no harm if performed incorrectly

Urine chemical screening- chemicals found in the urine

complete urinalysis consists of what three parts?- physical component, chemical component and microscopic component

what are the physical component is of urinalysis ?- color, and clarity

what are the chemical component of urinalysis ? - PH , bilirubin , blood in urine , glucose , ketones , leukocytes , protein, nitrites, urobilinogen

what are the microscopic component of urinalysis ? - various crystals, microorganisms , urine casts

what are some examples of waived tests ? - closetstrole , cardiac marker diagnostics, glucose , fecal occult blood \n