blood quiz definitions

Here are the key definitions from the lesson materials on the circulatory system and blood:

Circulatory System: A system whose function is to carry nutrients and oxygen to cells, remove wastes, transport chemical signals, distribute heat, and maintain fluid levels.
Pulmonary Circuit: The part of the circulatory system that supplies blood to the lungs for gas exchange.
Systemic Circuit: The part of the circulatory system that supplies blood to the rest of the body.
Diffusion: The process by which unicellular or simple multicellular organisms exchange oxygen and wastes directly with their environment.

Plasma: The fluid portion of blood, making up about 55% of its total volume.
Albumins: Blood proteins in the plasma that balance the amount of water entering and leaving the bloodstream.
Globulins: Blood proteins that transport lipids, cholesterol, fat-soluble vitamins, and certain minerals.
Fibrinogen: A blood protein found in plasma that plays a key role in blood clotting.
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes): Tiny, biconcave cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body.
Hemoglobin: An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that increases the blood's ability to carry oxygen.
Heme: The iron-containing pigment portion of a hemoglobin molecule.
Oxyhemoglobin: The complex formed when oxygen binds to hemoglobin, which gives blood its red color.
Anemia: A condition characterized by low energy levels due to a deficiency in hemoglobin or red blood cells, which decreases oxygen delivery to tissues.
White Blood Cells (Leukocytes): Cells that serve as the body's first line of defense against viruses, bacteria, and other disease-causing organisms.
Phagocytosis: The process by which white blood cells defend the body by engulfing and destroying harmful substances.
Platelets: Small cell fragments produced by bone marrow that initiate the blood clotting process.

Granular Leukocytes: A category of white blood cells (including neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) containing chemicals that attack foreign material and microorganisms.
Agranular Leukocytes: A category of white blood cells including lymphocytes and monocytes.
Lymphocytes: A type of agranular leukocyte, some of which produce antibodies.
Monocytes: A type of agranular leukocyte that enlarges to become macrophages, which act as scavengers to engulf bacteria.
Pus: A substance produced by the remaining remnants of leukocytes and the materials they have engulfed.