World War 1 vocab

Module 14: Revolutions Sweep the West
Lesson 3: Nationalism

Nationalism – Pride in your country and the belief that your nation should have its own government.

Module 15: The Industrial Revolution
Lesson 1: The Beginnings of Industrialization
2. Industrial Revolution – A time when machines started doing work that was once done by hand.
3. Richard Arkwright – Inventor who made machines that helped produce cloth faster.
4. Factories – Large buildings where machines are used to make goods.
5. James Watt – Improved the steam engine, which powered machines and transportation.

Lesson 2: Industrialization Changes Life
6. Urbanization – The growth of cities as people moved there for factory jobs.
7. Middle class – A group of people between rich and poor, often with jobs like business owners or skilled workers.

Lesson 3: Industrialization Spreads
8. Interchangeable parts – Parts made exactly the same, so they can be used in any product of the same type.
9. Assembly line – A system where each worker does one part of making a product as it moves along a line.

Lesson 4: Reforming the Industrial World
10. Adam Smith – Economist who believed in free markets and little government control over business.
11. Karl Marx – Thinker who believed workers should rise up and create a classless society.
12. Labor unions – Groups of workers who join together to fight for better pay and working conditions.

Module 16: An Age of Democracy and Progress
Lesson 4: Nineteenth-Century Progress
13. Charles Darwin – Scientist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.

Module 17: The Age of Imperialism
Lesson 1: The Roots of Imperialism
14. Imperialism – When one country takes control of another, often by force.
15. Social Darwinism – The idea that stronger people or nations are naturally better and should rule weaker ones.
16. Berlin Conference of 1885 – A meeting where European countries divided Africa without asking Africans.

Lesson 3: Europeans Claim Muslim Lands
17. Suez Canal – A waterway in Egypt that connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, important for trade.

Module 18: Transformations Around the Globe
Lesson 1: China Resists Outside Influence
18. Opium Wars – Fights between China and Britain over British trade of opium in China.
19. Boxer Rebellion – A Chinese uprising against foreigners and their influence.

Lesson 2: Modernization in Japan
20. The Meiji Era – A time in Japan when the country quickly modernized and industrialized.

Module 19: World War I
Lesson 1: Marching Toward War
21. Militarism – Belief in building up strong armies and weapons.
22. Triple Alliance – Military agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy before World War I.
23. Kaiser Wilhelm II – German emperor during World War I.
24. Triple Entente – Military agreement between France, Russia, and Britain before World War I.
25. The Balkan Region – Area in Southeast Europe where tensions helped start World War I.
26. Archduke Franz Ferdinand – His assassination triggered World War I.
27. Ultimatum – A final demand; if not accepted, it leads to action or conflict.

Lesson 2: Europe Plunges into War
28. Central Powers – Germany, Austria-Hungary, and their allies in World War I.
29. Allies – France, Britain, Russia, and others who fought against the Central Powers.
30. Armenian Genocide – The mass killing of Armenians by the Ottoman Empire during World War I.
31. Western Front – The line of fighting in France and Belgium during World War I.
32. Trench warfare – Fighting from deep ditches to defend positions.
33. Eastern Front – The line of fighting between Germany/Austria-Hungary and Russia.

Lesson 3: A Global Conflict
34. Gallipoli – A failed Allied campaign to take control of a key route in the Ottoman Empire.
35. Unrestricted submarine warfare – Germany’s policy of sinking any ship near Britain without warning.
36. The Lusitania – A British ship sunk by a German submarine, killing Americans and angering the U.S.
37. The Zimmermann Note – A secret message from Germany to Mexico, promising land if Mexico attacked the U.S.
38. Total war – A war where countries use all their resources for the war effort.
39. Propaganda – Information spread to influence public opinion.
40. Armistice – An agreement to stop fighting.

Lesson 4: A Flawed Peace
41. Treaty of Versailles – Peace treaty that ended World War I and punished Germany.
42. Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points" – U.S. president’s plan for lasting peace after World War I.
43. League of Nations – An international group formed to help countries avoid war.
44. Self-determination – The right of people to choose their own government and way of life.