Modern America Modules 1-3

o Memphis massacre

 Blacks came back from fighting in the North.

 Dominant White police and group killed 46 blacks and raped their wives, burnt churches and homes

 Quiz: White mob for white people police and blacks that would raid their houses

o New Orleans massacre (1886)

 Efforts by black political community leaders called a convention at the mechanic's institution. Wanted to eliminate the Black Codes.

 Confronted by armed White men and attacked people and the black political leaders

o Ku Klux Klan

 Middle-class Whites got together after fighting a war, made this club for fun

 Started wearing costumes because they were protesting injustice and felt white Southerners had been turned on whites due to the rise of blacks.

 These costumes were to hind their face and scare blacks

 Put on Minstrels

 Whites would dress up and color their faces black and then would raid, rape, whip, and kill those in the houses

 Quiz: started as menstrual group, costumes, one of the many white on blacks violence, suppressed by government

o Union League

 Republican club, talk about politics and would train each other on how it works and what is going on

 Went as a group to vote

 Quiz: black men who went into leadership position, targeted by the Klan

o Republican Party

 Quiz: They were fascinated by the Klan; they would also dress up like Klans to support. No one in Klan is a republican

o Minstrelsy

 Show to make fun of black people

 Would scare black people because they are easily scared due to them not being confident and scared

 Quiz: Skits and live shows wearing costumes, popular entertainment, relevant to Klan because they said Klan was easily scared

o Mardi Gra

 Southern tradition, made it specific for Southerners and separate from Northerners

 Made to say, “This is the South, not the North” and recover their culture

 Quiz: They were the parade and would wear their costumes

o Freedman’s Bureau

 Federal agencies that were set near many southern plantations and they supported freed people and helped them make and read contracts with plantations (since have low literacy rates)

 Quiz: federal government help the reedmen get on their feet, very understaffed, protected from violence

o Nathan Bedford Forrest

 Confederate general and claimed to be head of the KKK

 Promoted the Klan

 Quiz: claimed to be head of klan

o Enforcement Acts

 Feds responds to Klan outbreak through series of Acts

• (1870) prohibited people from wearing masks in public spaces or another person's premises

• (Feb. 1871) allowed federal government to protect local polling places

• (Apr. 1871) allowed the president to use the army to provide equal protection and suspend habeas corpus (unlawful and indefinite imprisonment), if necessary

• Quiz: prohibited people from walking around in costumes, federal government enforced violence at polls, the governments solution to the klan