University of Cagayan Valley - Physics for Engineers Comprehensive Problem Set Notes

TOPIC 1. VECTORS

• Situation 1: Relationship between force vector $F_1$ and force vector $F_2$. $F_1$ has a magnitude of $30\,N$ pointing in the $-z$ direction. $F_2$ has a magnitude of $60\,N$ pointing in the $+x$ direction. Determining the dot product ($F_1 \cdot F_2$) and the cross product ($F_1 \times F_2$). Investigating how answers change if vectors switch positions.

• Situation 2: Combining two displacements with magnitudes of $10\,m$ and $12\,m$ to form resultant vectors. Determine possible resultant magnitudes among options: $22\,m$, $2\,m$, $30.9\,m$, and $15.6\,m$. Determining the angle between original displacements for the possible resultants.

• Situation 3: Vector analysis for $\mathbf{D} = 3\mathbf{i} - 4\mathbf{j} + 2\mathbf{k}$ and $\mathbf{E} = 4\mathbf{i} - \mathbf{j} - 2\mathbf{k}$. Finding the magnitude of the sum $\mathbf{D} + \mathbf{E}$ and the magnitude of the difference $\mathbf{D} - \mathbf{E}$.

• Situation 4: Analyzing unit vector notation for displacements in meters. $\mathbf{A} = 2\mathbf{i} + 6\mathbf{j} + 3\mathbf{k}$ and $\mathbf{B} = 5\mathbf{i} - 3\mathbf{j} - 2\mathbf{k}$. Tasks include finding the dot product, the cross product, and the angle between the two vectors.

• Situation 5: Resultant forces on an object in different directions:   - a. A first force of $10\,N$ acting East and a second force of $4\,N$ acting West.   - b. A first force of $10\,N$ acting East and a second force of $4\,N$ acting North.

• Situation 6: Car displacement dynamics. A car moves $150.0\,m$ at $63^{\circ}$ North of East (measured from the x-axis), rests, then moves $300\,m$ at $34^{\circ}$ South of West ($214^{\circ}$ from the x-axis). Determination of total displacement is required.

• Situation 7: Football pass scenario. Avery (South's Varsity quarterback) throws from the exact center of the field to the corner of the end zone for Jamaal. Field dimensions: $160\,feet$ wide (sideline to sideline) and $60\,yards$ from midfield to the back of the end zone. Find total distance traveled by the ball.

• Situation 8: Aviation vector calculation. A pilot flying due North is notified of a second plane flying South at the same altitude. The second plane is at a position $13.5\,km$ at $102^{\circ}$ from the pilot's plane. Calculate kilometers North and West of the second plane and the time elapsed before they are side by side if both have an airspeed of $290.\,km/hr$.

• Situation 9: Mia Ander's walking path consisting of four legs with magnitudes: $A = 88\,m$, $B = 272\,m$, $C = 136\,m$, and $D = 183\,m$. Determination of magnitude and direction of Mia's resultant displacement.

• Situation 10: Tornado tracking. A tornado is sighted $12\,km$ South and $23\,km$ West of a town, moving directly toward the town at $82\,km/hr$. Calculate the sighting distance and arrival time in minutes and hours.

TOPIC 2. RECTILINEAR MOTION: HORIZONTAL MOTION

• Situation 1: A car starts from rest and achieves a velocity of $15\,m/s$ over a distance of $200\,m$ with constant acceleration. Determine the acceleration and the time required.

• Situation 2: A car travels at $15\,m/s$ when a traffic light $50\,m$ ahead turns yellow. Calculate the required constant deceleration and time needed to stop the car at the light.

• Situation 3: A truck's speed increases uniformly from $15\,km/h$ to $60\,km/h$ in $20\,s$. Convert units to meters and seconds to determine acceleration and distance traveled.

• Situation 4: A car starting from rest moves with a constant acceleration of $10\,km/hr^2$ for $1\,hour$, then decelerates at $5\,km/hr^2$ until it stops. Calculate total distance traveled.

• Situation 5: A car with initial speed of $25\,m/s$ and constant deceleration of $3\,m/s^2$. Determine velocity at $t = 4\,s$, displacement during those $4\,s$, and total time to stop.

• Situation 6: Reaction times and alcohol levels. Normal driver reaction time is $0.75\,s$; for a driver with $0.1\%$ alcohol, it is $3\,s$. Traveling at $30\,mph$ with a deceleration rate of $2\,ft/s^2$, determine the shortest stopping distance for each driver.

• Situation 7: Automobiles A and B approach each other. At $t = 0\,sec$, they are $1\,km$ apart at points P and Q. $V_a = 110\,kph$ and $V_b = 60\,kph$. A passes Q $40\,s$ after B was there; B passes P $42\,s$ after A was there. Determine acceleration of A and time when they pass each other.

• Situation 8: Motion analysis from a $V_x$ versus $t$ graph. Determine acceleration $a$ at $t = 11\,seconds$ and total distance traveled from $0$ to $14\,seconds$.

• Situation 9: Cheetah sprint dynamics. A cheetah reaches top speeds of $114\,km/h$. In a short sprint from rest, it runs $45\,m$ reaching $72\,km/h$. Determine average acceleration and displacement at $t = 3.5\,s$.

• Situation 10: Overtaking scenario. A truck moving at a constant $15\,m/s$ passes a gas station. $2\,seconds$ later, an automobile leaves the station with constant acceleration of $2\,m/s^2$. Determine how soon the auto overtakes the truck.

TOPIC 3. RECTILINEAR MOTION: VERTICAL MOTION (FREE FALL)

• Situation 1: A stone rises to a height of $20\,m$ when thrown upward. Calculate the initial throwing velocity.

• Situation 2: A stone thrown upward at $20\,m/s$ is caught on its way down $5\,m$ above the release point. Find its velocity when caught and total trip time.

• Situation 3: Determining original velocity for a ball thrown upward on the Moon ($g = 1.60\,m/s^2$ downward) that returns to start in $4\,s$.

• Situation 4: A ball is thrown upward at $5\,m/s$ from the top of a $10\text{-}m$ high building. Determine max height from the top and time to reach the ground.

• Situation 5: Interaction of two balls. Ball A is thrown upward from a $30\text{-}m$ building top at $5\,m/s$. At the same instant, Ball B is thrown upward from the ground at $20\,m/s$. Determine when they pass each other.

• Situation 6: Dropping a coin from a hundred-story building ($1000\,m$). Determine falling speed before impact and time to hit the ground (ignoring air resistance).

• Situation 7: Baseball hit upward at $20\,m/s$. Determine max height and time until caught at the same height as the hit.

• Situation 8: Upward thrown ball passes a student at a window $10\,m$ above ground with a velocity of $5\,m/s$. Find maximum height above the ground.

• Situation 9: Sound and depth. A stone is dropped into a well, and the splash is heard after $4\,s$. Speed of sound is $330\,m/s$. Determine well depth.

• Situation 10: Catch-up scenario. Ball 1 is thrown up at $120\,m/s$. $3\,seconds$ later, Ball 2 is thrown upward. Determine the required velocity for Ball 2 to pass Ball 1 at $100\,m$ from the ground.

TOPIC 4. PROJECTILE MOTION

• Situation 1: Ball kicked from point A at $V_A = 10\,m/s$. Determine range and maximum height.

• Situation 2: Determining minimum initial velocity for a ball thrown from A to clear a wall at B.

• Situation 3: Baseball thrown at $100\,m/s$ at $30^{\circ}$ above horizontal. Calculate distance to reach original level.

• Situation 4: Projectile fired horizontally at $30\,m/s$ from an $80\,m$ cliff. Find time to strike ground, distance from cliff foot, and final impact velocity.

• Situation 5: Determining initial velocity $V_A$ and throwing angle for a ball that strikes the ground at B in $2.5\,s$.

• Situation 6: Ball thrown from building top strikes ground at B in $3\,s$. Determine initial velocity $V_A$, inclination angle, and magnitude of impact velocity.

• Situation 7: Rescue plane dropping rations. Plane travels horizontally at $40.0\,m/s$ at a height of $1.00 \times 10^2\,m$. Find impact point relative to release, velocity components at impact, and impact angle.

• Situation 8: Tennis ball physics at A to clear net at B. Determine required horizontal velocity and the distance $s$ where it strikes the ground.

• Situation 9: Golf ball struck at $80\,ft/s$. Determine the distance $d$ to the landing point.

• Situation 10: Pitcher throw from height of $5\,ft$ to home plate $60\,ft$ away at $140\,ft/s$ horizontally. Find arrival time and height $h$ at the batter's position.

TOPIC 5. FORCES AND INTERACTION, NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION

• Situation 1: Net force on a tree. Two cables pulled at a $30^{\circ}$ angle between them. Forces are $400\,N$ and $300\,N$. Find component form of net force, magnitude of resultant, and angle relative to the $400\,N$ cable.

• Situation 2: Forces $F_1$, $F_2$, and $F_3$ acting on bracket point A. Determine x and y components and net resultant magnitude.

• Situation 3: Structural joints. Tension and compression forces acting on joint O. Calculate magnitude of the resultant and angle with positive x-axis.

• Situation 4: Friction and acceleration. An $80\text{-}kg$ block on a horizontal plane ($\mu_k = 0.25$). Find force $P$ to achieve $2.5\,m/s^2$ acceleration to the right.

• Situation 5: Equilibrium of a $600\text{-}N$ cat burglar. Calculate tension in supporting cables and analyze changes if the horizontal cable is reattached higher up.

• Situation 6: Cord AB ($1.5\,m$ long) withstands max force of $3500\,N$. Support a $200\text{-}kg$ crate. Determine force in cord BC and distance $Y$.

• Situation 7: Forces on a hook. Calculate the magnitude of the resultant force.

• Situation 8: Equilibrium of cylinders. Cylinder C is $40\,kg$. Determine mass of cylinder A required for the static assembly position.

• Situation 9: Inclined plane mechanics. A $100\text{-}lb$ box pushed up a $37^{\circ}$ plane by an $85\text{-}lb$ horizontal force at constant speed. Find frictional force, $\mu_k$, and the horizontal force needed to lower it at constant speed.

• Situation 10: Pulley system for a steeplejack and chair ($150\,lb$). Determine the pulling force required to raise himself at a steady rate.

TOPIC 6. NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION

• Situation 1: Laundry cart ($4.50\,kg$) with net force of $60\,N$. Calculate acceleration magnitude.

• Situation 2: Astronaut's pack weighs $17.5\,N$ on Earth and $3.24\,N$ on an asteroid. Determine asteroid gravity and pack mass.

• Situation 3: Airboat dynamics ($m = 3.50 \times 10^2\,kg$). Engine net force $7.70 \times 10^2\,N$. Find acceleration, time to reach $12.0\,m/s$, and resistance force to stop within $50.0\,m$ after engine cutoff.

• Situation 4: Connected blocks on steel wedge ($\theta = 30.0^{\circ}$). aluminum ($2.00\,kg$) and copper ($6.00\,kg$) via frictionless pulley. Calculate acceleration and tension.

• Situation 5: Atwood machine. Masses $m_1$ and $m_2$ (m_2 > m_1). Find magnitude of acceleration and string tension.

• Situation 6: Elevator tension. Two $3.50\text{-}kg$ blocks in an elevator accelerating upward at $1.60\,m/s^2$. Find tensions $T_1$ and $T_2$. Determine max acceleration before a string with $85.0\,N$ capacity breaks.

• Situation 7: Multi-object system ($m_1 = 5.0\,kg$, $m_2 = 10\,kg$, $m_3 = 15\,kg$) with friction force of $30\,N$ on $m_2$. Use energy concepts to find speed of $m_3$ after moving down $4.0\,m$.

• Situation 8: Pulley and brick. Brick ($2.10\,kg$) has tension $17.8\,N$ forward and friction $8.6\,N$. Find net force and acceleration.

• Situation 9: Baseball catching force. Catcher stops a $0.143\text{-}kg$ ball from $28.0\,m/s$ with hand recoil of $0.143\,m$. Find acceleration and applied force.

• Situation 10: Vertical wind tunnel. Natalya ($52.8\,kg$) experiences upward air resistance of $835.0\,N$. Calculate acceleration.

TOPIC 7. NEWTON’S THIRD LAW OF MOTION

• Situation 1: Tug of war. Team 1: $9$ members, avg mass $68\,kg$, avg force $1350\,N$. Team 2: $9$ members, avg mass $73\,kg$, avg force $1365\,N$. Calculate acceleration and rope tension.

• Situation 2: Interaction on ice. Man ($75.0\,kg$) and Woman ($55.0\,kg$). Woman pushes man with $85.0\,N$. Find man's acceleration, reaction force on woman, and woman's acceleration.

• Situation 3: Person ($85\,kg$) in a lift accelerating downward at $0.45\,m/s^2$. Draw force diagram and calculate force exerted on the floor.

• Situation 4: Tow boat system. Tug boat ($8000\,kg$) tows boat ($2000\,kg$) with acceleration $1.2\,m/s^2$. Draw forces and calculate driving force $D$.

• Situation 5: Engine ($3500\,kg$) towing two carriages ($600\,kg$ each). Negligible air resistance. Draw force diagram and calculate driving force $D$.

• Situation 6: Car ($1500\,kg$) towing broken car ($1000\,kg$). Constant acceleration $1.8\,m/s^2$. Calculate driving force $D$ and draw forces.

• Situation 7: Person ($94\,kg$) in lift accelerating upward at $0.54\,m/s^2$. Draw forces and calculate force $F$ on the floor.

• Situation 8: Person ($65\,kg$) in a lift ($400\,kg$) accelerating upward at $0.6\,m/s^2$. Determine all active forces.

• Situation 10: Wall push. Pushing wall with $40\,N$ while on a skateboard ($80\,kg$). Determine wall reaction force and acceleration.

TOPIC 8. CIRCULAR MOTION

• Situation 1: Car on unbanked curve, radius $65\,m$. $\mu_s = 0.70$. Calculate max speed without slipping.

• Situation 2: Car ($800\,kg$) at $60\,kph$ on unbanked curve, radius $100\,m$. Find $\mu$ to prevent sliding.

• Situation 3: Banked curves. Radius $100\,m$, angle $15^{\circ}$. Calculate ideal speed and minimum $\mu$ for a driver at $20\,kph$.

• Situation 4: Plane power dive. Center of curvature $1300\,m$, speed $260\,m/s$. Calculate upward force on $100\,kg$ pilot and on a $90.0\,g$ blood sample in the pilot's head.

• Situation 5: Lunar orbit. Moon mass $7.35 \times 10^{22}\,kg$, orbital radius $3.82 \times 10^5\,km$, period $27.3\,days$. Calculate centripetal force and compare to gravitational force.

• Situation 6: Car ($1200\,kg$) on radius $25.0\,m$ at $20.0\,km/hr$. Find friction force and minimum $\mu_s$.

• Situation 7: Block ($10.0\,kg$) in horizontal circle, radius $2.00\,m$, speed $20\,m/s$. Find tension. Compare to tension at top and bottom of a vertical circle swing.

• Situation 8: Yo-yo twirling. Mass $0.200\,kg$, string $0.800\,m$. Calculate tension for $1$ revolution per second and $2$ revolutions per second; find the ratio.

• Situation 9: Rotating disk. Coin mass $m$, distance $d$, $\mu_s$. At $t = 0$, disk has angular acceleration $\alpha$. Find static friction $f_s$ as function of $t$ and slip angular speed $\omega$.

• Situation 10: Satellite comparisons. Determine speed and period differences for two satellites of same mass at different altitudes.

TOPIC 9. WORK

• Situation 1: Pulling a car with a string at $25^{\circ}$ to horizontal. Tension is $500\,N$, distance is $3\,m$. Calculate work.

• Situation 2: Holding a $100\,N$ box vertically at $1.5\,m$. Calculate work done during the hold.

• Situation 3: Jogger ($40.0\,kg$) moving at constant $2.00\,m/s$. Compare work and power in segments A to B and C to D of a path.

• Situation 4: Water skier speed $9.30\,m/s$; tow rope at $37.0^{\circ}$ to velocity. Tension $135\,N$. Calculate work over $12.0\,s$.

• Situation 5: Dragging a suitcase with $190\,N$ force at $35^{\circ}$ for $45\,m$. Find work done.

• Situation 6: Pushing a car for $218\,m$ with cumulative force of $1080\,N$. Calculate work.

• Situation 7: Deadlifting $300\,kg$ to a height of $0.90\,m$. Determine work done.

• Situation 8: Stair climbing. Philip ($102\,kg$) elevates $2.29\,m$ in $1.32\,s$. Calculate work and power.

• Situation 9: Squirrel pushups. Male squirrel ($380\,gram$) does $32$ reps, displacing center of mass by $8.5\,cm$ upward each time. Find total work.

• Situation 10: Backpack dragging. Kaycee pulls upward/rightward at $35^{\circ}$ with $22.9\,N$ for a distance of $129\,m$. Calculate work in Joules.

TOPIC 10. ENERGY - KINETIC ENERGY AND POTENTIAL ENERGY

• Situation 1: Truck ($10000\,kg$) accelerating at $3\,m/s^2$ for $30\,s$ from $5\,m/s$. Find final speed and Kinetic Energy gain.

• Situation 2: Potential Energy gain for a $500\,g$ ball pulled up a slope.

• Situation 3: Asteroid Ceres. Mass $3.0 \times 10^{21}\,kg$, speed $17900\,m/s$. Calculate Kinetic Energy.

• Situation 4: Cart ($2.50\,kg$) on a $3.30\,m$ incline at $18.5^{\circ}$. Calculate time to reach bottom, final velocity, and final Kinetic Energy.

• Situation 5: Lifting $5.0\,kg$ onto a $1.15\,m$ high table. Find work done, final GPE, and initial GPE relative to floor.

• Situation 6: Climbing stairs ($12.0\,m$ high, $15.0\,m$ deep) with mass $62.0\,kg$. Calculate work and final GPE.

• Situation 7: Spring equilibrium. Mass $3.00\,kg$ lowered by $h = 52.0\,cm$. Calculate spring force, spring constant $k$, and stored energy.

• Situation 8: Drop onto spring. Mass $5.00\,kg$ dropped from $2.20\,m$; compresses spring $30.0\,cm$. Calculate initial GPE, max spring energy, and spring constant $k$.

• Situation 9: Sled ($45.0\,kg$) pulled by $120\,N$ force at $35.0^{\circ}$ for $500\,m$. Calculate work done.

• Situation 10: Sliding box ($14.0\,kg$) at $18.0\,m/s$ up a $28.0^{\circ}$ incline. Find initial KE, final GPE at stop, and sliding distance up the incline.

TOPIC 11. POWER

• Situation 1: Loaded elevator ($1000\,kg$ car, $800\,kg$ load, $4000\,N$ friction) at $3.00\,m/s$. Calculate required motor power in $kW$ and $hp$.

• Situation 2: Killer whale power. Mass $8000\,kg$, accelerate to $12\,m/s$ in $6\,seconds$. Calculate average power.

• Situation 3: Washington monument climb ($170\,m$ tall). Calculate minimum power for a $35\,kg$ boy climbing in $10\,minutes$.

• Situation 4: Taipei 101 elevator. Cabin and passengers ($1250\,kg$) reaching $16.8\,m/s$. Calculate power.

• Situation 5: Ski tow rope. $22\text{-}kW$ motor pulling $18$ skiers (avg $48\,kg$ each) up $14^{\circ}$ incline. Find cumulative weight, required force, and ascent speed.

• Situation 6: Efficient elevator. Elevator ($1500\,kg$) at $2\,m/s$; friction $4000\,N$. Motor is $75\%$ efficient. Calculate electrical power drawn from grid.

• Situation 7: Power ratio. Car ($1200\,kg$) goes $0$ to $30\,m/s$ in $6\,seconds$. Compare instantaneous power at $t = 6\,s$ to average power.

• Situation 8: Fire hose power. Mass flow rate $15\,kg/s$ (presumed $\text{kg/s}$), velocity $20\,m/s$. Calculate pump power at $100\%$ efficiency.

• Situation 9: Instantaneous power for object ($2\,kg$) with velocity $v(t) = 3t^2 + 2t$ at $t = 2\,s$.

• Situation 10: Escalator design. Moving $60$ people (avg $70\,kg$) per minute to vertical height of $5\,m$. Calculate minimum motor power.

TOPIC 12. IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM

• Situation 1: Bullet ($8\,g$) fired into wood cube ($9\,kg$) sticking in it. Resulting speed is $40\,cm/s$. Find bullet's initial velocity.

• Situation 2: Collision of a $16\,g$ mass ($30\,cm/s$ positive x) and a $4\,g$ mass ($50\,cm/s$ negative x). Find final velocity if they stick.

• Situation 3: Bullet ($15\,g$) passes from $300\,m/s$ to $90\,m/s$ through $2\,cm$ plastic. Find average impeding force.

• Situation 4: Force to stop a $2\,kg$ brick at $6\,m/s$ in $700\,\mu s$.

• Situation 5: Average force exerted by a bat on a $250\,g$ ball. Velocity changes from $+13\,m/s$ to $-19\,m/s$ in $10\,ms$.

• Situation 6: Skidding time at $80\,kph$ for coefficients: dry pavement ($0.6$), wet ($0.3$), and snow ($0.12$).

• Situation 7: Hockey puck ($0.105\,kg$) velocity change from $12\,m/s$ to $-15\,m/s$ in $0.05\,s$. Calculate force.

• Situation 8: Barge ($1,500,000\,kg$) moving at $3\,m/s$. Tugboat applies opposing $12,000\,N$. Find velocity after $10\,s$, time to stop, and force to stop in one minute.

• Situation 9: Stevedore crate slide. Force $175\,N$, friction $120\,N$, crate mass $50\,kg$. Find velocity after $0.5\,s$.

• Situation 10: Jet dragster ($400\,kg$) with $5500\,N$ thrust. Find speed after $1.5\,s$ and $3\,s$.

TOPIC 13. COLLISION

• Situation 1: Ball mass $m$ strikes wall perpendicularly at $v$ and rebounds. Calculate average force for given variables and for a numerical case: $140\,g$ ball, $7.8\,m/s$, $3.8\,ms$ collision duration.

• Situation 2: Elastic electron-hydrogen collision. Mass ratio $1:1840$. Determine fraction of kinetic energy transferred to stationary hydrogen atom.

• Situation 3: Elastic collision of a $2.0\,kg$ mass. It continues at one-fourth original speed. Calculate mass of the struck body.

• Situation 4: Compressed spring energy ($60\,J$) released between two particles ($m$ and $2m$). Calculate final Kinetic Energy for each.

• Situation 5: Freight car ($35\,ton$) collides with stationary caboose and couples. $27\%$ energy dissipated. Find caboose weight.

• Situation 6: Inelastic collision of two objects of same mass and speed. Final speed is half initial. Find angle between initial velocities.

• Situation 7: Ballistic pendulum. Bullet ($10\,g$) strikes pendulum ($2.0\,kg$); CM rises $12\,cm$. Calculate initial bullet speed.

• Situation 8: Billiard ball elastic collision. Moving ball ($5.00\,m/s$) strikes stationary ball of same mass. Final velocity of first is $4.33\,m/s$ at $30.0^{\circ}$. Find struck ball's velocity.

• Situation 9: Frictionless track collision. $m_1 = 5.001\,kg$ (note: transcript states 5.001 but context may imply 5.00) released from height; elastic head-on with $m_2 = 10.0\,kg$. Find max rise height of $m_1$ after rebound.

• Situation 10: Bullet ($10.0\,g$) caught in wood ($5.00\,kg$). Combination speed is $0.600\,m/s$. Find original bullet speed.

TOPIC 14. BASIC THERMODYNAMICS - HEAT AND TEMPERATURE

• Situation 1: Skin warming from $72.0^{\circ}F$ to $84.0^{\circ}F$. Convert to Celsius and Kelvin and find differences.

• Situation 2: Temperature conversions: $-273.15^{\circ}C$ to Fahrenheit, $98.6^{\circ}F$ to Celsius, and $100\,K$ to Fahrenheit.

• Situation 3: Exercise energy expenditure. Breakfast provides $320$ Calories. Calculate number of barbell curls ($25\,kg$ barbell, $0.4\,m$ lift) to burn equivalent energy.

• Situation 4: Ship furnace strut. Length $2\,m$, mass $1.57\,kg$, area $0.1 \times 10^{-3}\,m^2$. Net energy absorbed $250\,kJ$. Coefficient $\alpha = 11 \times 10^{-6}\,C^{-1}$. Find temperature change and expansion length.

• Situation 5: Sprinting for Calories. Calculate number of sprints (rest to $5.0\,m/s$) for a $65\,kg$ woman to burn $500$ Calories.

• Situation 6: Definition and meaning of thermal equilibrium between two systems.

• Situation 7: Thermometer behavior when moved from air to water when not in mutual equilibrium.

• Situation 8: Cooking speed analysis in pressure cookers due to elevated internal pressure.

• Situation 9: Expansion physics of opening a glass jar by running hot water over a metal lid.

• Situation 10: Biological thermal regulation (sweating/circulation) effects on a person in a $40.0\text{-}^{\circ}C$ hot tub.

TOPIC 15. BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING - SERIES AND PARALLEL (OHM’S LAW)

• Situation 1: Four-resistor circuit. Terminal voltage $6.0\,V$. Find equivalent resistance, current, and potential at point A relative to positive terminal.

• Situation 2: Three resistors in parallel with $18\,V$ potential difference. Find current in each, power in each, total power, and equivalent resistance.

• Situation 3: Equivalent resistance and total dissipated power for a complex resistor combination seen by the source.

• Situation 4: Solving for current $I$ in the specified circuit diagram.

• Situation 5: Determination of all currents in the multi-loop circuit shown in the figure.