Manner voice and place

1. Introduction to Speech Sound Disorders

  • Focus on the assessment of speech sound disorders and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).

  • Key assessments: video involvement for Assessment 2, written open book final assessment.

2. Key Concepts

2.1 Speech Sounds

  • Importance of understanding speech sounds and syllable structure.

  • Prevalence rates of speech delays:

    • Speech delay: 2.3% - 24.6%

    • Speech and/or language delay: 2.28% - 6.68%

2.2 Phonology vs. Phonetics

  • Phonology: Systematic organization of sounds within a language (symbolic system).

  • Phonetics: Study of human speech sounds and their classification (physical system).

  • Phonics: Link between symbols and sounds, essential for literacy.

2.3 The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

  • A system for representing language sounds, including consonants, vowels, pitch, tone, and diacritics.

  • Each symbol corresponds to a specific sound (1:1 correspondence).

3. Consonant Sounds

3.1 Classification

  • Classifications based on:

    • Voicing: Vocal cord vibration

      • Voiced (e.g., b, d) vs. voiceless (e.g., p, t)

    • Place of Articulation: Where articulators constrict airflow

      • Examples: bilabial, alveolar, velar

    • Manner of Articulation: How airflow is constricted

      • Stops, fricatives, affricates, nasals, approximares

3.2 Descriptors of Consonants

  • Voicing:

    • Voicing pairs are differentiated by vocal vibration.

  • Place of Articulation & Manner:

    • Lips, teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate, soft palate, and further.

4. Vowel Features

4.1 Characteristics

  • Tongue Height: High, mid, low positions in the oral cavity.

  • Tongue Advancement: Forward/backward position of the tongue.

  • Lip Rounding: Impact on sound quality.

  • Vowel Length & Nasality: Distinguishing between nasal and oral sounds.

4.2 Diphthongs

  • Combination of two vowels creating a single sound.

  • Examples include:

    • ai (as in "bite"), ou (as in "out"), and others.

5. Summary of Important Sounds

5.1 Consonant Types

  • Obstruents: Narrowing of the vocal tract.

    • Stops (plosives): Complete closure (e.g., p, b)

    • Fricatives: Noisy sounds from narrow constriction (e.g., f, v, th).

  • Sonorants: Open vocal tract sounds, including nasal sounds (m, n).

    • Liquids: Mild oral constriction (l, r).

    • Glides: Minimal constriction followed by vowels (w, y).

6. Diagram of Articulators

  • Representation of articulators in the speech production system.

    • Key components: Lips, tongue, teeth, alveolar ridge, hard and soft palate, etc.

7. Reference

  • Reid, N. (1999). Phonetics: An interactive introduction [CD]. Armidale, NSW: The University of New England.