Summary of Intelligence Testing Concepts

Intelligence Tests

• Achievement: Reflects acquired knowledge (e.g., school tests).

• Aptitude: Predicts potential for new skills (e.g., SAT).

Historical Context

• Binet: Mental age concept for placement.

• Terman: IQ formula: $IQ = \frac{\text{mental age}}{\text{chronological age}} \times 100$.

Modern Development

• Wechsler: WAIS/WISC tests; assess specific cognitive strengths/weaknesses through subtests.

Test Construction Principles

• Standardization: Norming scores against a sample on a Normal Curve (Mean of $100$, $68\%$ within $85$-$115$).

• Reliability: Consistency of scores.

• Validity: Testing accuracy (content and predictive).

Flynn Effect

• Intelligence test scores consistently increase over generations.

Predictive Validity

• Becomes less effective at higher educational levels due to narrow score ranges.