Polyatomic Ions

Ammibium
Acetate
Cyanide
Hypobromite	BrO 1-
Bromite	BrO2 1-
Bromate	BrO3 1-
Perbromate
Hypochlorite	ClO 1-
Chlorite	ClO2 1-
Chlorate	ClO3 1-
Perchlorate
Hypoiodite	IO 1-
Iodite	IO2 1-
Iodate	IO3 1-
Periodate
Hydrogen Carbonate	HCO3 1-
Dihydrogen Phosphate	H2PO4 1-
Hydrogen Sulfate	HSO4 1-
Nitrite	NO2 1-
Nitrate	NO3 1-
Hydroxide
Permanganate
thiocyanate
Carbonate	CO3 2-
Oxalate
Chromate
Dichromate
Hydrogen Phosphate	HPO4 2-
Peroxide
Sulfite	SO3 2-
Sulfate	SO4 2-
Thiosulfate
Phosphite	PO3 3-
Phosphate	PO4 3-

HOW TO MEMORIZE

`The Big 5`

CO32- Carbonate
ClO31- Chlorate
NO31- Nitrate
SO42- Sulfate
PO43- Phosphate

Slivka’s Square -

Inside square - Ate has 4 O

Outside square - Ate has 3 O

C	N	O	F
Si	P	S	Cl
Ge	As	Se	Br
Sn	Sb	Te	I

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`Ions by Analogy`

If you know…

Chlorate CI__O3 1-__

Then you know…

Bromate BR__O3 1-__ Iodate I__O3 1-__

`Ions by Extension`

Memorize all the Ions that end with ate (Example - Chlor__ate__, CIO3)

Per - - ate (ClO__4__) One MORE oxygen from the ate ending
- ate (CIO__3__) Normal form of the ate ending
- ite (ClO__2__) One LESS oxygen from the ate ending
Hypo - - ite (CIO) One LESS oxygen from the ite ending

`Ions by Hydrogenation`

Looses 1 charge

Sulfate (SO4 2-) Phosphate (PO4 3-)

Hydrogen Sulfate (HSO4 1-) Hydrogen Phosphate (HPO4 2-)

Dihydrogen Phosphate (H2PO4 1-)

Carbonate (CO3 2-)

Hydrogen Carbonate (HCO3 1-)

`The Little 5`

Polyatomic Cations 4. Organic Polyatomic Anions

Ammonium (NH4 1+) Acetate (C2H3O2 1-) Oxalate (C2O4 2-)

Named like a Monotomic Anion (-ide ending)

Hydroxide (OH 1-) 5. Thio- Anions

Cyanide (CN 1-) Thiocyanate (SCN 1-)

Peroxide (O2 2-) Thiosulfate (S2O3 2-)

Colored Anions

Permanganate (MnO4 1-) purple

Chromate (CrO4 2-) yellow

Dichromate (Cr2O7 2-) orange

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