Polyatomic Ions

HOW TO MEMORIZE

The Big 5

1. CO32- Carbonate

2. ClO31- Chlorate

3. NO31- Nitrate

4. SO42- Sulfate

5. PO43- Phosphate

Slivka’s Square -

Inside square - Ate has 4 O

Outside square - Ate has 3 O

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Ions by Analogy

If you know…

Chlorate CI__O3 1-__

Then you know…

Bromate BR__O3 1-__ Iodate I__O3 1-__

Ions by Extension

Memorize all the Ions that end with ate (Example - Chlor__ate__, CIO3)

• Per - - ate (ClO__4__) One MORE oxygen from the ate ending

• • ate (CIO__3__) Normal form of the ate ending

• • ite (ClO__2__) One LESS oxygen from the ate ending

• Hypo - - ite (CIO) One LESS oxygen from the ite ending

Ions by Hydrogenation

• Looses 1 charge

Sulfate (SO4 2-) Phosphate (PO4 3-)

Hydrogen Sulfate (HSO4 1-) Hydrogen Phosphate (HPO4 2-)

Dihydrogen Phosphate (H2PO4 1-)

Carbonate (CO3 2-)

Hydrogen Carbonate (HCO3 1-)

The Little 5

1. Polyatomic Cations 4. Organic Polyatomic Anions

Ammonium (NH4 1+) Acetate (C2H3O2 1-) Oxalate (C2O4 2-)

2. Named like a Monotomic Anion (-ide ending)

Hydroxide (OH 1-) 5. Thio- Anions

Cyanide (CN 1-) Thiocyanate (SCN 1-)

Peroxide (O2 2-) Thiosulfate (S2O3 2-)

3. Colored Anions

Permanganate (MnO4 1-) purple

Chromate (CrO4 2-) yellow

Dichromate (Cr2O7 2-) orange

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