(1)Biological science - The branch of science that studies life

(2)Agriculture - science, and practice of producing crops and livestock from the natural resources of the earth

(2)Anatomy - Study of animal form, particularly human body

(2)Astrobiology - branch of biology concerned with the effects of outer space on living organisms and the search for extra-terrestrial life

(2)Botany - the scientific study of plants

(2)Cell biology - the study of cells at the microscopic or at molecular level. It includes studying the cells physiological properties, structure, organelles, interactions, with the environment, life cycle, division, and apoptosis.

(2)Biochemistry - the study of the structure and function of cellular components, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid, and other biomolecules, and of their functions and transformation during life.

(2)Biophysics - an interdisciplinary science that applies the theories and method of physical sciences to questions of biology

(2)Biotechnology - applied science that is concerned with biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof to make or modify products or process for specific use

(2)Ecology - the scientific study of the relationship between plants, animals and their environment

(2)Entomology - the study of insects

(2)Evolution - concerned with the origin and decent species as well as their change over time

(2)Genetics - a science that deals with heredity, especially the mechanisms of hereditary transmission and inherited characteristics among similar or related organisms

(2)Immunobiology - study of structure and function of the immune system

(2)Neurobiology - branch of biology that deals with anatomy and physiology and pathology of the nervous system

(2)paleobiology - study of the forms of life existing in prehistoric or geologic times, as presented by the fossil of plant, animal, and other organisms

(2)Parasitology - study of parasites and parasitism

(2)pathology - study of nature of disease and its cause, processes, development and consequences

(2)Medicine - the science which relates to the prevention, cure, or alleviation of disease

(2)Microbiology - the branch of biology that deals with  microorganism and their effects on another living organism

(2)Molecular biology - the branch of biology that deals with the information, structure, and function of macromolecules essential of life, such as nucleic acids and proteins. Their role in cell replication and the transmission of genetic information

(2)mycology - study of fungi

(2)pharmacology - the study of preparation and use of drugs and synthetic medicines

(2)physiology - the biological study of functions of living organisms and their parts

(2)Psychobiology - the study of mental functioning and behavior in relation to other biological processes

(2)ichthyology - study of fishes

(2)herpetology - the study of reptiles and amphibians

(2)ornithology - the study of birds

(2)mammalogy - study of mammals

(2)Toxicology - study on how natural man-made poision cause undesirable effects on living organisms

(2)virology - study of viruses

(2)zoology - study of biology that deals with animal life

(3,4)Microscope - it is the most useful tool in dealing with microscopic creatures

(3,4)Head/body - houses the optical parts in the upper part of the microscope(yung bilog kung saan naka tusok yung eyepieace)

(3,4)Base - supports the microscope and houses the illuminator(yung base ng microscope para di matumba)

(3,4)Arm - connects to the base and supports the microscope head(hawakan duh)

(3,4)eyepiece or ocular - it is the part what you look through at the top of a microscope(yung sinisilipan sa microscope)

(3,4)Eyepiece tube - it holds the eyepiece in place above the objective lens(yung tube sa mismong eyepiece)

(3,4)Objective lenses - these are the primary optical lenses on a microscope(yung lense na naka tutok sa speciment para makita nang maayos)

(3,4)Nosepiece - it houses the objective. The objective are exposed and are mounted on a rotating turret so that different objectives can be conveniently selected standard objectives(kung saan naka connect yung objectives, eto yung umiikot para maiba-iba yung objectives)

(3,4)coarse and focus knob - they are used to focus microscope (yung knob sa gilid para fumocus yung tinitignan sa eyepiece para di blurry)

(3,4)Stage - it is where the specimen to be viewed in placed

(3,4)Stage clips - they are used when there are no mechanical stage. The viewer is required to move the slide manually to view different sections of specimen(yung pang clip dun sa slide na naka lahay sa stage)

(3,4)Aperture - It is the hole in the stage through which the base transmits light reaches the stage.(yung butas sa stage para makita nang maayos yung specimen kapag tinitignan na syempre kapag walang ilaw sa baba yun edi madilim duh)

(3,4)illuminator - it is the light source for a microscope

(3,4)Condenser - it is used to collect and focus the light from the illuminator on the specimen(para focus yung beam ng light sa slide)

(3,4)Iris diaphram - it controls the amount of light reaching the specimen(kung gaano kalakas yung liwanag or labo)

(3,4)Condenser focus knob - moves the condenser up or down to control the lighting focus on the specimen.

(6,10)Cell - The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms

(6,10)Cytology - The study of cell

(6,10)DNA - the genetic material of cells that holds all the information that cell needs

(6,10)GENE - specific segment of DNA which tells how to perform different tasks

(6,10)Cytoplasm - Gel-like substance that fills a cell and gives its shape. It allow for different materials to move around the cell

(6,10)Plasma membrane - membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of all cells. It separates the cell from the external environment and keeps the organelles together

(6,10)Unicellular - single-celled organisms that consist of one cell only which can perform vital functions with themselves. They can reproduce through asexual reproduction

(6,10)Budding - new organism develops from an due to cell division (Virus na nag didivide through cell division)

(6,10)Fission - division of single entity into 2 or more parts and regeneration of parts to separate entities resembling the original (parang mga virus na nag didivide nang mabilisan)

(6,10)Multicellular - consist of more than one cells to perform vital functions example: Plants, Animals, Humans, Some fungi, and algae

(6,10)Somatic cells - is also called body cell. These are diploid cells which maintains life processes of the organism. Example: Cells found in internal organs – heart, kidneys, brain, liver, lungs, etc. Skin Bones and Muscles Blood Connective Tissue

(6,10)Diploid cells - contains 2 copy of each chromosomes

(6,10)Haploid cells - contain single set of chromosomes

(6,10)Gametes - also called as reproductive or sex cells. These haploid cells  which function is for the production of offspring.

(11,15)cell membrane - is a semi permeable membrane that forms the outer covering of the cell. It is made up of phospholipids which has polar heads and non-polar tails. (animal cell)

(11,15)Cytoplasm - gel-like substance composition where all the organelles are suspended inside the cell. It maintains pressure of the cell which ensure the cell doesnt shrink or burst

(11,15)Nucleus - Contains the hereditary material DNA and directs the activities of the cell. It is surrounded by a porous membrane called nuclear membrane

(11,15)Nucleolus - is a round body found inside the nucleus which helps in the synthesis of ribosomes. It is not surrounded by a membrane but sits in the nucleus.

(11,15)Centrioles - organized the microtubules assemble during cell division

(11,15)Endoplasmic reticulum - is a network of membranes composed of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

(11,15)Golgi complex - it is responsible for storing, packaging of cellular products

**(11,15)Lysosomes -**are enzymes sacs that digest cellular waste. It serve as the digestive system of the cell and also help in detoxification of the cell

(11,15)Peroxisome - is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells. Which contains reducing enzyme catalese and usually some oxidase

(11,15)Microtubules - are hollow rods that support and shape the cell

(11,15)Mitochondria - the power house of the cell

(11,15)Ribosomes - are made of Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins which serves for protein synthesis. It is suspended in the cytoplasm and also attached to the ER. The most abundant among the organelles.

(16,20)Passive transport - it is the movement of molecules

(16,20)diffusion - Organisms need to move molecules from an area where they are

highly concentrated to an area where the molecules are less

concentrated.

(16,20)Simple diffusion - Tendency of materials to move randomly from areas where they

are highly concentrated to areas of lower concentration, until they are evenly distributed in a state of dynamic equilibrium.

(16,20)Facilitated Diffusion - Molecules and ions are transported with the aid of some

intermediary – proteins. It binds with the molecules with a carrier protein in the plasma membrane to be transported from higher to lower concentration.

(16,20)Osmosis - Water molecules diffusing across a membrane. It is the diffusion of

water through a selective (semi) permeable membrane from greater concentration to lesser concentration.

(16,20)Isotonic - Solutions have concentrations of substances

(solutes) and water (solvent) on both sides of the membrane are equal.

(16,20)Hypotonic - Solutions have a lower concentration of substances, and more water, when associated to another solution.

(16,20)Hypertonic - Solution have a higher concentration of substances, and less water, when compared to another solution.

(16,20)Filtration - It is the movement of water and solute molecules across the cell

membrane due to hydrostatic pressure. It is a passive transport used most often in the capillaries.

(21,25)Cell division - it is the process of splitting a single cell into new cells

(21,15)Chromosomes - Long DNA molecules with part or all of the genetic

material of an organism. It is made of protein and single molecules of DNA. 23 pairs (22 pairs – Autosome , 1 pair – Sex Chromosome). Structures that contain genetic information.

Made up of DNA and proteins that carry genetic information.

(21,15)Centromere - Point where chromatid are joined

(21,15)Chromatid - Chromosomes contain identical parts. Strands composed of chromatin that makes up the chromosome.

(21,25)Chromatin - Makes up the chromatid. The indistinguishable mass of DNA

molecules whereas chromatids are part of a chromosome attached to it with a centromere.

(21,25)Cell cycle - It is the regular sequence of growth and division that eukaryotic cells undergo

(21,25)binary fission - Prokaryotic cells undergo.

(26,30)Interphase - this is where the cell grows, the cell makes a copy of its DNA, and the cell is ready for division

(26,30)G1 - the cell starts to grow

(26,30)S - the cell makes a copy of its DNA

(26,30)G2 - the cell is ready to divide

(26,30)Cytokinesis - is the division of the cytoplasm and the other parts of the cell. Results in two separate daughter cells with identical nuclei

(26,30)46 - how many chromosomes are in a human being

(31,34)Mitosis - production of identical cell for growth and repair

(31,34)Prophase - The stage of mitosis where the chromosomes are more visible

(31,34)Metaphase - The stage of mitosis where the chromosomes line up in the middle

(31,34)Anaphase - The stage of mitosis where the centromere that joins the sister chromatids split

(31,34)Telophase - The stage of mitosis where Chromosomes uncoil. Spindle fibers began to break and dissolve. The start of cytokinesis

Tissue-a collective amount of cell

Histology-the study of tissue

Epithelial tissues (Animal tissues)-it forms the covering or lining of body surfaces, both internal and external

Connective tissues (Animal tissues)-it occurs in divers forms but is characterized by the extracellular matrix in which its cell lie

Areolar (Loose connective tissues)-Connect and surrounds different organs of human body

Adipose (Loose connective tissues)-the storage reservoir that store fat globules

Reticular (Loose connective tissues)-The fibers the supports the bone marrow, liver, and lymphiod organs

Dense regular (Dense connective tissues)-to connect different organs and Muscle

Dense Irregular (Dense connective tissues)-It provide strength, making the skin resistant tearing by stretching forces from different directions

Fibroblast (Dense connective tissues)-the cells that present in dense connective tissues

Hyaline (cartilage)-smooth movement of the parts

Fibrocartilage (Cartilage)-provides the tough material of interval intervertebral disk  (yung disk sa spinal column)

Elastic (Cartilage)-to allow tissues in your body to stretch out and shrink back  (yung nag papawala sa fat na naka bara sa veins) (yung nagpapawala ng fat sa veins para bumaba ang blood pressure)

Compact dense (Bone)-to provide strength and protection to bone

Spongy (Bone)-to provide balance to heavy and compact bone by making bones lighter

Blood (Blood and lymph)-transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues

Lymph (Blood and lymph)-it maintains fluid ;evels in our body tissues by removing all fluids that leak out of your blood vessels  (nag tatanggal ng mga leak galing sa yong blood vessels)

Nervous Tissues (Animal tissues)-it is made up of neurons, it receive and send information throughout the body and react with stimuli and conduct impulses to various organs in the body which bring about a response to the stimuli

Muscle Tissues (Animal tissues)-it has an ability to relax and contrast that bring about movement and mechanical work in various parts of the body

Meristematic tissues (Plant tissues)-this is the site of growth for plants - GROWING POINTS

Permanent Tissues (Plant tissues)-i is composed of mature differentiated cells, and they do not have the capability to divide

Simple Squamous (Epithelial tissues)-Flat and thin plates

Simple Cumbodial (Epithelial tissues)-Roughly square or cumbodial in shape and each cell has a spherical nucleus

Simple Columnar (Epithelial tissues)-Contains hair-like outgrows called cilia

Glandular Epithelium (Epithelial tissues)-Columnar epithelium tissues with goblets

Smooth muscle tissues (Muscle tissues)-made up of thin-elongated muscle cell, fibers characterizes by pointed ends

Sarcoplasm (Muscle tissues)-these cells have specialized cytoplasm

skeletal muscle tissues (Muscle tissues)-the most abundant tissues

Cardiac muscle tissues (Muscle tissues)-it is the tissues found only in the part of the heart

Sensory neurons (nervous tissues) - these neurons take sensory information

Motor neurons (Nervous tissues) - these neurons communicate information from the brain to tissue and organs. Throughout the body allowing movement

Interneurons (nervous tissues ) - these neuron make up the majority of neurons in the body. Theay are  essentially the “middle man” transmiting information between sensory and motor neurons. They play a key role in learning, memory, and planning