Applied Technology Year 12 Notes

  • This textbook is designed for Year 12 Applied Technology Syllabus to be trialed in Fiji secondary schools in 2016.
  • It introduces students to basic plumbing, tiling, welding, building fundamentals, and air conditioning, along with safety, materials, design, enterprise, machines and tools.
  • Suggestions for amendments are welcomed for future editions.
  • Copyright Ministry of Education, Fiji, 2015.
Acknowledgement
  • Acknowledgment to the Industrial Arts sections, technology and employment skills training section of the Ministry of Education, Mr. Kelemedi N Vueti, Mr. Davis B Wedlock and the TEST staff.
Table of Contents
  • Strand 1: General Health and Safety in the Work Place (5-10)
  • Strand 2: Design and Enterprising (11-28)
  • Strand 3: Engineering Materials (29-35)
  • Strand 4: Basic Home Improvement (36-45)
  • Strand 5: Machines and Engine (46-61)
  • Strand 6: Applied Technology (62-143)
STRAND 1: GENERAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN THE WORKSHOP
  • Students should be able to recognize the importance of Workshop Safety Rules.
  • Creating a safe work environment is critical for business success, staff retention, and productivity.
  • Business owners are responsible for ensuring their business doesn't create health and safety problems for employees, customers, or the public.
  • Understanding WHS laws (previously OH&S) helps avoid unnecessary costs and damage caused by workplace injury and illness.
  • WHS should be integrated into business operations and not seen as an additional cost.
  • Main focus in occupational health:
    • Maintenance and promotion of workers' health and working capacity.
    • Improvement of working environment to be conducive to safety and health.
    • Development of work organizations and working cultures that support health and safety.
  • All work exposes people to hazards like manual handling, dangerous machinery, toxic substances, electricity, display screen equipment, or psychological hazards.
  • Systems of prevention are essential to avoid accidents and diseases caused by work.
  • In 2011/12, 27 million working days were lost in the UK due to work-related illness and workplace injury.
  • Accident rates in small businesses can be higher than in large operations.
  • Health and safety is a key business objective.
  • Businesses with more than five people need to have a written health and safety policy statement.
  • A competent person must be appointed to comply with legal obligations.
  • System in place to Manage Health & Safety
    • Policy, designate people and have clear procedures
  • Identify hazards
    • Things that could cause harm.
  • Assess Risk
    • the probability that significant harm will occur.
  • Risk Control Measures
    • Risk control measures are adequate and that they are used and maintained and that they continue to work.
  • Risk assessment is the key to working out what needs to be done and should be used as a working tool.
  • Risk control measures must be adequate, used, and maintained.
  • Back up measures may be needed like health surveillance or emergency procedures
  • Employees must be informed, trained, and supervised.
  • The law sets out health and safety goals and indicates appropriate benchmarks.
  • Hazards should be reduced or eliminated at the source before relying on personal protective equipment (PPE).
  • Employers must report and record accidents.
  • Employers MUST provide their employees with a workplace that does not have serious hazards and follow all relevant OHS safety and health standards. Employers must find and correct safety and health problems. OHS further requires employers to try to eliminate or reduce hazards first by making changes in working conditions rather than just relying on masks, gloves, ear plugs or other types of personal protective equipment (PPE). Switching to safer chemicals, enclosing processes to trap harmful fumes, or using ventilation systems to clean the air are examples of effective ways to get rid of or minimize risks.
  • Certain basic workplace, first aid, and welfare facilities must be provided.
  • Employers' liability insurance is required.
  • The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and the Local Authority must be notified of the business's existence.
  • The workforce and their representatives must be consulted.
  • Companies should ask