Goodwin

Goodwin (1992) argues that “it is possible to identify three kinds of relations between songs and videos: illustration, amplification, and disjuncture.”

Illustration refers to when the visual shown represents the literal meaning of the lyric

Amplification occurs when the clip introduces new meanings that do not conflict with the lyrics, but that add layers of meaning.

Disjuncture is when either the imagery doesn’t match the lyrics, adding a whole new meaning, or is when the visual narrative contradicts the lyrics or perhaps unintentionally undermines them.