EBP

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)

  • Presenter: Ronald C. Gonzalez, DNP, MSN, MHA, RN

Steps in Implementing EBP

  • Step 1: Identify a problem / Ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an intervention
  • Step 2: Collect the most relevant and best evidence
  • Step 3: Appraise the evidence
  • Step 4: Integrate the evidence into practice change
  • Step 5: Evaluate the effectiveness of change
  • Step 6: Disseminate results

PICO(T) Framework

  • P: Patient, population, or problem of interest
  • I: Intervention of interest
  • C: Comparison of interest
  • O: Outcome of interest
  • (T): Time to accomplish

Methods of Nursing Research

  • Quantitative Methods
    • Involves concepts of basic research
    • Uses numbers/statistics
    • Focus on counting and classifying data
  • Qualitative Methods
    • Aims to gain insight by discovering meanings and perceptions
    • Utilizes words/interviews for data collection
    • Exploratory in nature

Infection Control and Isolation

Chain of Infection

  • Components of the Chain
    • Infectious Agents
    • Reservoir
    • Portals of Exit
    • Modes of Transmission
    • Portals of Entry
    • Susceptible Host

Stages of Infection

  1. Incubation Period
  2. Prodromal Stage
  3. Acute Illness (Full-stage of illness)
  4. Period of Decline
  5. Convalescent Period

Body's Defense Mechanisms

  • Inflammatory Response
    • A protective mechanism to fight pathogens
  • Immune Response
    • A specific body response to invading organisms

Major Risk Factors for Infection

  • Skin Integrity
  • pH of GI/GU Tract
  • WBC Count
  • Immunizations
  • Nutrition and General Health Status
  • Hospitalization
    • Risk of HAI/Nosocomial infections

Aseptic Technique

  • Medical Asepsis
  • Surgical Asepsis

Isolation Precautions

  • Standard Precautions
    • Washing hands / Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
  • Airborne Precautions
    • For diseases like Tuberculosis, Varicella, Measles
    • Utilize N95 masks and negative pressure rooms
  • Droplet Precautions
    • For Influenza, Pertussis, Coronavirus, Norovirus
    • Masks are required
  • Contact Precautions
    • For Clostridium difficile, Staphylococcus aureus
    • Use gloves, gowns, disposable equipment
  • Reverse Isolation / Protective Precautions
    • Defined for immunocompromised patients

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

  • Gown
  • Mask
  • Gloves
  • Goggles
Additional Notes
  • Ensure proper use and disposal of PPE to maintain hygiene and prevent infection spread.