Lecture 3A

HMSV392 Evaluation Methods II- Anatomical Landmarks

Introduction

  • Lecture topic: Anatomical Landmarks

  • Institution: Nelson Mandela University

Anthropometric Profiles

  • Measurement Types:

    • Restricted Profile:

      • 9 Skinfolds

      • 5 Girths

      • 2 Breadths

    • Full Profile:

      • 9 Skinfolds

      • 13 Girths

      • 16 Breadths

  • Purpose: Profiles are selected based on the intended measurement.

Restricted Proforma Measurements

  • Skinfolds:

    • Triceps (Arm - relaxed)

    • Subscapular

    • Supraspinale

    • Abdominal

    • Medial Calf

  • Girths:

    • Arm (tensed and flexed)

    • Waist (minimum)

    • Iliac crest

    • Gluteal (hips)

    • Calf

  • Lengths/Breadths:

    • Femur

    • Front Thigh

    • Mid-axilla

Full Proforma Measurements

  • Skinfolds:

    • Triceps

    • Biceps

    • Subscapular

    • Supraspinale

    • Abdominal

    • Front Thigh

    • Medial Calf

    • Other Skinfolds with appropriate marking techniques.

  • Girths and Lengths/Heights:

    • Includes extensive measurements like Biacromial Length, Chest Depth, Foot Length, etc.

Anatomical Landmarks: Definition and Importance

  • Landmarks: Skeletal markers close to the body surface.

    • Essential for identifying measurement sites.

  • Finding Landmarks:

    • Palpation using thumb and index finger.

    • Keep fingers perpendicular (90°) to the skin surface.

    • Trimmed nails recommended for accurate palpation.

Marking Procedures for Landmarks

  • Mark after locating:

    • Use a fine-tipped pen or dermographic pencil.

    • Use a dot or a short line for marking.

    • Relocate landmark after marking to ensure accuracy.

    • Skinfolds marked with direction alignments.

Various Anatomical Landmarks Locations.

  1. Acromiale:

    • Superior and lateral border of the acromion process.

  2. Radiale:

    • Proximal border of the head of the radius (elbow)

  3. Subscapulare:

    • Inferior angle of the scapula.

  4. Mesosternale:

    • Midpoint of sternum at 4th rib articulation.

  5. Xiphoidale:

    • Inferior tip of the xiphion at the sternum.

  6. Iliocristale:

    • Most superior point on the iliac crest.

Additional Anatomical Landmarks with Measurements

  • Iliospinale: Inferior tip of the anterior superior iliac spine.

  • Trochanterion: Superior point on the greater trochanter of the femur.

  • Tibiale Mediale: Superior point on the medial border of the head of the tibia.

  • Mid-trochanterion-tibiale laterale: Mid-point straight line measurement.

  • Sphyrion Tibiale: Distal tip of the malleolare mediale of the tibia.

Conclusion

  • Understanding anatomical landmarks is vital for proper anthropometric measurement in evaluations.