Class 18 - Poll Notes

Class 18 - Poll Summary

General Information

  • Date of Class: Wed Oct 8

  • Total Questions: 6

  • Score Achieved: 6.0 out of 6.0

Question Breakdown

Question 1: Enzyme in Dopaminergic and Adrenergic Neurons

  • Question: Which enzyme is found in both dopaminergic and adrenergic neurons?

  • Options:

    • A. dopamine-beta-hydroxylase

    • B. tyrosine hydroxylase

    • C. tryptophan hydroxylase

    • D. A & B

    • E. A, B, & C

  • Correct Answer: D - A & B

    • Explanation: Both dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase are enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine, which are found in dopaminergic and adrenergic neurons, respectively.

Question 2: Function of Basal Cells in Olfactory Epithelium

  • Question: What is the function of basal cells in the olfactory epithelium?

  • Options:

    • A. neurotransmitter uptake

    • B. maintaining extracellular ion concentration

    • C. renewal of olfactory receptor cells

    • D. A & B

    • E. A, B, & C

  • Correct Answer: C - renewal of olfactory receptor cells

    • Explanation: Basal cells in the olfactory epithelium are crucial for the maintenance and regeneration of olfactory receptor neurons, ensuring continual olfactory function.

Question 3: Activation of Rhodopsin and G-Protein Transducin

  • Question: Rhodopsin activates the G-protein transducin after:

  • Options:

    • A. conversion by light of 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinal

    • B. phosphatase activation

    • C. cGMP hydrolysis

    • D. A & B

    • E. A, B, & C

  • Correct Answer: A - conversion by light of 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinal

    • Explanation: The process begins when light hits rhodopsin, causing the isomerization of 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinal, which then activates the G-protein transducin. This signaling cascade ultimately leads to the perception of light.

Question 4: Characteristics of the Fovea

  • Question: Which of the following is correct regarding the fovea?

  • Options:

    • A. responsible for high-acuity vision

    • B. greater light sensitivity

    • C. majority of photoreceptors are cones

    • D. A & C

    • E. A, B, & C

  • Correct Answer: D - A & C

    • Explanation: The fovea is a small pit located in the retina, responsible for sharp central vision (high-acuity vision) because it contains a high concentration of cone photoreceptors. It has lesser light sensitivity compared to other areas of the retina that contain rods.

Question 5: Sensory System Pathway to Cortex

  • Question: Which sensory system has a pathway to the cortex that does not project through the thalamus?

  • Options:

    • A. taste

    • B. olfaction

    • C. vision

    • D. none of the above

  • Correct Answer: B - olfaction

    • Explanation: The olfactory system is unique among sensory systems as it transmits sensory input directly to the cortex without first passing through the thalamus. It projects directly from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex.

Question 6: Synthesis of Small Molecular Weight Neurotransmitters

  • Question: Enzymes required for the synthesis of small molecular weight neurotransmitters are themselves synthesized in:

  • Options:

    • A. axon terminals

    • B. dendrites

    • C. the soma

    • D. nucleus

    • E. synaptic vesicles

  • Correct Answer: C - the soma

    • Explanation: The soma, or cell body, is where the majority of protein synthesis occurs, including the enzymes that synthesize small molecular weight neurotransmitters, which are then transported to axon terminals for neurotransmission.