Comprehensive Legal English Vocabulary and Terminology Guide
Student Information
Student Name: Ngô Thanh Tuấn
Student ID: 2552202010166
Reading 1: Core Litigation and Dispute Resolution Terminology
1. Dispute
IPA:
/dɪˈspjuːt/Definition: A disagreement or conflict between two or more parties.
Example: The two companies are involved in a dispute over the terms of the contract.
Vietnamese Meaning: Tranh chấp
2. Disputing Parties
IPA:
/dɪˈspjuːtɪŋ ˈpɑːrtiz/Definition: The people or organizations involved in a dispute.
Example: The disputing parties agreed to negotiate before taking the matter to court.
Vietnamese Meaning: Các bên tranh chấp
3. Law Suit
IPA:
/ˈlɔːsuːt/Definition: A legal case brought to a court for a decision.
Example: The company filed a lawsuit against its former business partner.
Vietnamese Meaning: Vụ kiện
4. Court
IPA:
/kɔːrt/Definition: A place or institution where legal cases are heard and decided.
Example: The court will consider the evidence before making a final decision.
Vietnamese Meaning: Tòa án
5. Litigation
IPA:
/ˌlɪtɪˈɡeɪʃən/Definition: The process of resolving a dispute through a court.
Example: The company decided to avoid lengthy litigation by reaching a settlement.
Vietnamese Meaning: Tố tụng / quá trình giải quyết tranh chấp tại tòa
6. Trial
IPA:
/ˈtraɪəl/Definition: A formal examination of a case by a court to reach a decision.
Example: The trial lasted several days before the judge delivered the decision.
Vietnamese Meaning: Phiên tòa xét xử
7. Government Agency
IPA:
/ˈɡʌvərnmənt ˈeɪdʒənsi/Definition: An organization that is part of the government and performs official functions.
Example: The government agency investigated the company for violating environmental regulations.
Vietnamese Meaning: Cơ quan nhà nước
8. Pre-trial Work
IPA:
/ˌpriːˈtraɪəl wɜːrk/Definition: Legal work and procedures carried out before a trial begins.
Example: The lawyers completed the pre-trial work before the case was brought before the court.
Vietnamese Meaning: Công việc trước xét xử / thủ tục tiền xét xử
9. Solicitor
IPA:
/səˈlɪsɪtər/Definition: A lawyer who mainly gives legal advice and prepares legal documents, especially in the UK.
Example: The solicitor advised the client on the legal consequences of signing the agreement.
Vietnamese Meaning: Luật sư tư vấn/đại diện pháp lý (thuật ngữ chủ yếu ở Anh)
10. Barrister
IPA:
/ˈbærɪstər/Definition: A lawyer who specializes in representing clients and arguing cases in court, especially in the UK.
Example: The barrister represented the defendant during the court proceedings.
Vietnamese Meaning: Luật sư tranh tụng (thuật ngữ chủ yếu ở Anh)
11. Hearing
IPA:
/ˈhɪərɪŋ/Definition: A formal meeting in a court where a case or legal issue is considered.
Example: The court scheduled a hearing to consider the defendant’s application.
Vietnamese Meaning: Phiên điều trần / phiên xét xử
12. Attorney
IPA:
/əˈtɜːrni/Definition: A lawyer who is legally qualified to represent or advise a client.
Example: The attorney advised her client to settle the dispute rather than proceed to trial.
Vietnamese Meaning: Luật sư / người đại diện pháp lý
13. Enforcement
IPA:
/ɪnˈfɔːrsmənt/Definition: The process of ensuring that a law, order, or judgment is obeyed.
Example: The enforcement of the court order is the responsibility of the relevant authority.
Vietnamese Meaning: Thi hành / cưỡng chế thi hành
14. Settlement
IPA:
/ˈsetəlmənt/Definition: An agreement between disputing parties to resolve a dispute without continuing the case.
Example: The parties reached a settlement without proceeding to trial.
Vietnamese Meaning: Thỏa thuận dàn xếp / hòa giải
15. Pleading
IPA:
/ˈpliːdɪŋ/Definition: A formal written statement in which a party sets out their claims or defenses in a case.
Example: The defendant submitted a pleading denying the allegations made by the claimant.
Vietnamese Meaning: Văn bản tố tụng / trình bày yêu cầu và lập luận của các bên
16. Discovery Phase
IPA:
/dɪˈskʌvəri feɪz/Definition: The stage when the parties exchange relevant information and evidence before trial.
Example: During the discovery phase, both parties exchanged documents relevant to the dispute.
Vietnamese Meaning: Giai đoạn thu thập và trao đổi chứng cứ
17. Order
IPA:
/ˈɔːrdər/Definition: An official direction or decision made by a court.
Example: The court issued an order requiring the company to pay damages.
Vietnamese Meaning: Lệnh / quyết định của tòa án
18. Counsel
IPA:
/ˈkaʊnsəl/Definition: A lawyer who represents and advises a client in a legal matter.
Example: Counsel argued that the evidence was insufficient to establish liability.
Vietnamese Meaning: Luật sư đại diện / luật sư tranh tụng
19. Enforce
IPA:
/ɪnˈfɔːrs/Definition: To make sure that a law, order, or judgment is obeyed.
Example: The claimant sought to enforce the judgment against the defendant.
Vietnamese Meaning: Thi hành / cưỡng chế thi hành
20. Civil
IPA:
/ˈsɪvəl/Definition: Relating to disputes between individuals or organizations rather than criminal offenses.
Example: The dispute was dealt with as a civil matter rather than a criminal case.
Vietnamese Meaning: Dân sự
21. Cases
IPA:
/ˈkeɪsɪz/Definition: Legal matters or disputes brought before a court or other legal body.
Example: The court handles a wide range of civil cases each year.
Vietnamese Meaning: Các vụ án / vụ việc
22. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
IPA:
/ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv dɪˈspjuːt ˌrezəˈluːʃən/Definition: Methods of resolving disputes without going through a court trial.
Example: The parties agreed to use alternative dispute resolution instead of going to court.
Vietnamese Meaning: Giải quyết tranh chấp thay thế
23. Negotiation
IPA:
/nɪˌɡəʊʃiˈeɪʃən/Definition: The process of discussing a dispute to reach an agreement.
Example: After several rounds of negotiation, the parties reached an agreement.
Vietnamese Meaning: Đàm phán / thương lượng
24. Arbitration
IPA:
/ˌɑːrbɪˈtreɪʃən/Definition: A method of resolving a dispute in which an arbitrator makes a decision for the parties.
Example: The contract requires any dispute between the parties to be resolved through arbitration.
Vietnamese Meaning: Trọng tài
25. Mediation
IPA:
/ˌmiːdiˈeɪʃən/Definition: A process in which a neutral person helps disputing parties reach an agreement.
Example: The parties agreed to mediation in an attempt to resolve the dispute amicably.
Vietnamese Meaning: Hòa giải
26. Impartial Referee
IPA:
/ɪmˈpɑːrʃəl ˌrefəˈriː/Definition: A neutral person who considers a dispute without favoring either side.
Example: The parties appointed an impartial referee to help determine the facts of the dispute.
Vietnamese Meaning: Người phán xử trung lập
27. Arbitrator
IPA:
/ˈɑːrbɪtreɪtər/Definition: A neutral person who listens to the parties and makes a decision in an arbitration.
Example: The arbitrator reviewed the evidence before issuing a final decision.
Vietnamese Meaning: Trọng tài viên
28. Arbiter
IPA:
/ˈɑːrbɪtər/Definition: A person who is chosen to settle or decide a dispute.
Example: The parties agreed to appoint an independent arbiter to resolve the disagreement.
Vietnamese Meaning: Người phán xử / trọng tài viên
29. Arbitral Tribunal
IPA:
/ɑːrˈbɪtrəl traɪˈbjuːnəl/Definition: A group of arbitrators appointed to decide a dispute through arbitration.
Example: The arbitral tribunal considered the evidence submitted by both parties.
Vietnamese Meaning: Hội đồng trọng tài
30. International Arbitration
IPA:
/ˌɪntərˈnæʃənəl ˌɑːrbɪˈtreɪʃən/Definition: Arbitration used to resolve disputes involving parties from different countries.
Example: The dispute was referred to international arbitration because the parties were based in different countries.
Vietnamese Meaning: Trọng tài quốc tế
31. Proceedings
IPA:
/prəˈsiːdɪŋz/Definition: The formal legal process through which a case or dispute is dealt with.
Example: The legal proceedings were suspended while the parties attempted to reach a settlement.
Vietnamese Meaning: Thủ tục tố tụng / quá trình tố tụng
Reading 2: Academic Legal Proceedings and ADR Simulations
1. Alternative dispute resolution
IPA:
/ɔːlˈtɜː.nə.tɪv dɪˈspjuːt ˌrez.əˈluː.ʃən/Definition: Processes used to resolve disputes without going to court
Example: The parties agreed to use alternative dispute resolution to settle their conflict.
Vietnamese Meaning: Giải quyết tranh chấp bằng phương thức thay thế
2. lecturer
IPA:
/ˈlek.tʃər.ər/Definition: A person who gives talks or lectures, especially at a university
Example: The law lecturer explained the legal principles clearly to the students.
Vietnamese Meaning: Giảng viên
3. simulation
IPA:
/ˌsɪm.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/Definition: The representation of the behavior or process of a real-world system
Example: Students participated in a courtroom simulation to practice trial skills.
Vietnamese Meaning: Sự mô phỏng / Phiên giả lập
4. On behalf of
IPA:
/ɒn bɪˈhɑːf əv/Definition: As a representative of someone or in their interest
Example: The attorney spoke on behalf of her client during negotiations.
Vietnamese Meaning: Thay mặt cho / Nhân danh
5. Guest of honor
IPA:
/ɡest əv ˈɒn.ər/Definition: The most important guest invited to an event or ceremony
Example: The retired judge was invited as the guest of honor at the seminar.
Vietnamese Meaning: Khách mời danh dự
6. Simulated arbitration
IPA:
/ˈsɪm.jə.leɪ.tɪd ˌɑː.bɪˈtreɪ.ʃən/Definition: A practice arbitration proceeding held for training or educational purposes
Example: The university organized a simulated arbitration competition for legal students.
Vietnamese Meaning: Phiên trọng tài giả định
Reading 3: Corporate Legal Practice and Consulting
1. Legal expertise
IPA:
/ˈliː.ɡəl ˌek.spɜːˈtiːz/Definition: High level of specialized knowledge or skill in the field of law
Example: Our company hired a law firm with strong legal expertise in international arbitration.
Vietnamese Meaning: Chuyên môn pháp lý
2. Proactive
IPA:
/prəʊˈæk.tɪv/Definition: Taking action by causing change rather than reacting to events after they happen
Example: Lawyers should take a proactive approach to prevent potential legal disputes.
Vietnamese Meaning: Chủ động
3. Consult
IPA:
/kənˈsʌlt/Definition: To seek advice, information, or an opinion from an expert or specialist
Example: You should consult a lawyer before signing any commercial agreement.
Vietnamese Meaning: Tham vấn / Tư vấn / Hỏi ý kiến
4. Insurance policy
IPA:
/ɪnˈʃɔː.rəns ˈpɒl.ə.si/Definition: A written contract between an insurer and an insured party outlining terms and coverage
Example: The company reviewed its insurance policy to cover potential legal liabilities.
Vietnamese Meaning: Hợp đồng bảo hiểm / Đơn bảo hiểm
Reading 4: Legal Analytics, Metrics, and Regulatory Matters
1. Annual survey
IPA:
/ˈæn.ju.əl ˈsɜː.veɪ/Definition: An investigation or study conducted once every year to gather data
Example: The legal department conducts an annual survey to assess corporate compliance risks.
Vietnamese Meaning: Cuộc khảo sát hằng năm
2. Average litigation
IPA:
/ˈæv.ər.ɪdʒ ˌlɪt.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/Definition: Typical or standard legal proceedings involving dispute resolution in court
Example: The average litigation process in commercial disputes can last over a year.
Vietnamese Meaning: Vụ kiện tụng trung bình / Quá trình tố tụng thông thường
3. Average expense
IPA:
/ˈæv.ər.ɪdʒ ɪkˈspens/Definition: The mean or typical amount of money spent on a particular activity
Example: The average expense for resolving contract disputes has risen sharply this year.
Vietnamese Meaning: Chi phí trung bình
4. General consensus
IPA:
/ˈdʒen.ər.əl kənˈsen.səs/Definition: A widespread agreement or shared opinion among a group of people
Example: There is a general consensus that out-of-court settlement is more cost-effective.
Vietnamese Meaning: Sự đồng thuận chung
5. Regulatory issues
IPA:
/ˌreɡ.jə.lə.tər.i ˈɪʃ.uːz/Definition: Legal problems or challenges related to official government regulations
Example: The law firm specializes in helping multinational companies navigate complex regulatory issues.
Vietnamese Meaning: Các vấn đề pháp lý / Vấn đề về quy định hành chính
6. regulatory
IPA:
/ˌreɡ.jə.lə.tər.i/Definition: Relating to or controlling through official rules, laws, and regulations
Example: Financial institutions must strictly adhere to foreign investment regulatory standards.
Vietnamese Meaning: Thuộc về quy định / Thuộc quản lý hành chính