Adverbs
Def: An adverb is a word or an expression that generally modifies a ver adjective, another adverb, determiner, clause, preposition or sentence.
Adverbs typically express:
manner
place
time
frequency
degree
level of certainty etc.
How to identify adverbs?
Eg:
He talks slowly
She beautifully explained the topic.
words with -ly are adverbs.
Formation of Adverbs
Rule 1
When ‘ly’ is added to the adjective they give formation of an adverb.
Adjectives + ly = adverb
eg: quick -→ quickly
useful -→ usefully
slow -→ slowly
Rule 2
Certain adjectives do not use ‘ly’ to form an adverb and they remain the same in the case of adjectives as well as adverb.
eg; fast
little
enoguh
more
much
Rule 3
Certain adjectives add ‘ly’ and sometimes it may not give the formation of an adverb with different meanings.
Rule 4
Noun + ly= Adjective
in + (noun+ly) + = adverb
Table:
| Nouns | Adjective | Adverb |
|---|---|---|
| Coward | Cowardly | in cowardly manner |
| Miser | Miserly | in miserly manner |
| Niggard | Niggardly | in niggardly manner |
| Man | Manly | in manly manner |
| Woman | Womanly | in womanly manner |
Types of Adverbs
Rule:
Time adverbs cannot be used in the present perfect, instead the past indefinite is used for them.
I saw a 3D movie last night.
last-→ adverb
night -→ time
Adverbs of Frequency
They are the adverbs that tell us how often an action takes place.
eg: often, always, once, never, again etc
Adverbs of Place
They are the adverbs that tell us where an action takes place.
Eg: here, there, up, down, everywhere,out,in etc
Adverbs in manner
They are the adverbs that tell us how an action takes place or in what manner.
eg: quickly, carefully, sweetly, bravely. beautifully, well, fast etc
Adverbs of degree and quality
They are the adverbs that tell us how much or to what degree or to what extent
eg: very, quite, rather. enough, any, partly, almost, utterly, as, entirely etc.
Adverbs of reason
They are the adverb that tell us why an action takes place
eg: consequently, therefore, hence
Adverbs of affirmation or negation
They are the adverbs that tell us whether an action is done or not
eg: surely, certainly, not, probably etc
Interrogative Adverbs
Adverbs that are usef for asking questions are called interrogative adverbs.
eg: when,how,where, why etc
Relative Adverbs
A relative pronoun is a type of pronoun that often introudces depenedent clauses in sentences. They also can stand alone as the subject or object of a sentence
eg: who, whoever, whom, whomever, that, which, when etc
Placement of Adverbs
I carefully read yesterday a magazine at home.
Sentence formation -→ Subject + Verb + Object + Manner/Place/Time
therefore,
I read a magazine carefully at home yesterday.
Use of So, Very and Too
| SO | VERY {absolute} | TOO |
|---|---|---|
| -is incomplete we need to add ‘that’ to make it complete | Can be used for a positive sentence without a helping word to complete it. | Can be used for both positive and negative without a helping word to complete it |
| eg:-She is so beautiful that everyone was watching her. | eg:-She is very beautiful | eg: -She is too beautiful.- She is too clever |
Use of Too much and much too
Too much is always used before noun.
You cooked too much food.
Much too is always used before adjective/adverb.
The food was much too tasty.
Use of still and yet
| Still | Yet |
|---|---|
| -shows continuity | -start in past-paused in present-to be contiuned in future |
| eg: the class is still going on | eg: the building is yet to be constructed. |