science
1. The testes are a pair of sperm-producing organs that maintain the health of the male reproductive system. The testes are known as gonads. Which hormone is secreted by the testes? testosterone
2. What hormone prepares the uterus for reception of fertilized eggs? progesterone
3. Which of these is the primary sex hormone of female? estrogen
4. Which female reproductive hormone helps develop and maintain female sex characteristics, and play an important role in the menstrual cycle, fertility, and pregnancy? estrogen
5. Estrogen is the reproductive hormone in females. Which is not a useful function of the said hormone? stimulating the production of sperm
6. How does the secretion of estrogen and testosterone influence the development of an organism during different stages of life? they trigger the development of secondary sexual characteristics
7. What is the average age of a female when the first onset of menstruation could happen? What is the average age at which females typically experience the first onset of menstruation (menarche)? around 12 yrs old
8. Maria is tracking her menstrual cycle. She notices that around Day 14 of her cycle, she experiences a sharp pain on one side of her abdomen, and her cervical mucus becomes thinner and more slippery. What phase of the menstrual cycle is Maria most likely in when she notices these changes? ovulation
9. What is the main purpose of the follicular phase in the menstrual cycle? to prepare an egg for release
10. You felt hungry because you haven't eaten your food for lunch trying to finish homework. What function of the nervous system is being described in this situation? sensory function
11. Which refers to the state reached when each part of the body functions in equilibrium with other parts? The nervous system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by detecting changes in the body and coordinating appropriate responses. It works through feedback mechanisms, where the brain and nerves send signals to regulate body functions like temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. Which of the following best explains how the nervous system regulates feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis? the nervous system detects changes in the internal environment and coordinates responses through feedback mechanisms
12. How does sweating caused by an increase in temperature during exercise help to achieve homeostasis? sweating cools the body down by evaporative coolikng
13. Which statement best explains how DNA replicates itself using complementary base pairing? the two strands of dna separate, and new nucleotides pair with the original strands based on comlementary base pairing rules
14. What would be the complementary sequence of nucleotides for a molecule created from the following DNA sequence: ATC GTG? TAG CAC
15. What happens during protein synthesis? genetic information in dna is transcribed into mRNA, then translated into a sequence of amino acisds to form a protein
16. Mutations play a significant role in genetic variation and evolution. They can occur naturally or due to external factors, leading to changes in an organism's traits. Some mutations may have no effect, while others can be beneficial or harmful. Which of the following best describes a mutation? a change in dna sequence
17. Which of the following changes would be expected if CAUUUG sequence of bases mutated to CAGUUG? a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein
18. Mutations can alter the sequence of amino acids in a protein, potentially changing its structure and function. Some mutations may have no effect, while others can cause genetic disorders or provide evolutionary advantages. A scientist discovers a mutation in a gene that results in a different amino acid being incorporated into an essential enzyme. Which of the following is the best way to evaluate how this mutation affects the organism? observe the organisms phenotype and survival rate compared to organisms withouth the mutations
20. How do geologists use relative dating? by determining the age of the rocks and fossils relative ti each other based on their position in rock layers
21. Whales are marine mammals that evolved from land-dwelling ancestors. Scientists have discovered small, internal hind leg bones in modern whales, as shown in the diagram below. What best describes the function of these hind leg bones in whales? tehy are vestigial strictures with no current functions
22. Why do organisms with close biochemical similarities show stronger evolutionary relationships? they share a more recent common ancestor
23. Extinction plays a crucial role in shaping biodiversity. When a species disappears, it creates ecological opportunities for other organisms to evolve, adapt, and occupy new niches. Scientists study extinction events to understand how life changes over time and how species survive environmental challenges. Which scenario best demonstrates how extinction contributes to the evolution of new species? mass extinction eliminates dinosaurs, allowing mammals to diversify and occupy new ecological niches
24. Lisa wanted to become an expert bird watcher. She decided to watch for birds in her backyard. Lisa lives in a heavily wooded area that has lots of fallen trees, but not much grass and no bodies of water. Any bird living in Lisa's backyard will need to be able to drill for insects in the trees. Which bird beak is Lisa most likely to see on a bird living in her backyard? strong, pointed, and chisel-like beak
25. Which statement BEST describes adaptation? increases an organisms chance of survival and reproduction in its specific environment
26. Turtles have adapted to their habitat to protect themselves from their predators. Which BEST describes this adaptation? a hard, protective shell that covers its body
27. Which is NOT a benefit of biodiversity? increased vulnerability to disease outbrekas
28. Why is it better for an ecosystem to have high biodiversity rather than low biodiversity? it leads to a more resilient and stable ecosystem
29. A person breeds rodents in a cage. After a few generations, the breeder observes that the rodents are more aggressive towards each other, the young are less healthy and more young rodents die. What doyou think will happen to the population of the rodents? it will decrease and likely eventually die out
30. Population density affects various aspects of society, including crime rates, transportation systems, and resource availability and public health challegnges
31. healthcare services. In highly populated areas, resources may become strained, leading to overcrowding in hospitals, traffic congestion, and increased crime rates due to social and economic pressures. Given the observed high crime rate, lack of adequate transportation, and overcrowding in hospitals in Malabon, how do these conditions relate to population density? potential negative effects of high population density
32. Which of the following is a negative effect of high fertility and rapid population growth? strained resources and infrastructure
37. Analyze the data in the table below., which of the following is correct? mutated sequence a
38. In the early 19th century, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck proposed a theory to explain how organisms change over time.He suggested that organisms develop traits based on their needs and the use or disuse of organs. According to Lamarck, if an organism uses a particular body part frequently, it will become stronger and more developed, while unused body parts may weaken or disappear. He also believed that these acquired traits could be passed down to offspring. Although modern genetics has disproven this idea, Lamarck's theory played a significant role in shaping evolutionary thought. What theory states that characteristics that the parents develop through time will be passed or inherited by their offspring? theory of inheritance of acquired characteristsics
39. The theory of Lamarck which explained that organs not in use will disappear while organs in use will develop. What theory is this? theory of use and disuse basic
40. Which statement best explains the Theory of Natural Selection? the organism who adapts better has a more chance of survival and production rate