Chapter 11 Vocab Test

  1. Blockade - military tactic in which a navy prevents vessels from entering or leaving its enemy’s territory

  2. Robert E. Lee - Confederate General from Virginia who opposed secession; had an outstanding military record; surrendered his army at Appomattox

  3. Anaconda Plan - northern Civil War strategy to starve the South by blockading seaports and controlling the Mississippi River

  4. Border state - during the Civil War, the states that allowed slavery but remained in the Union: Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri

  5. Stonewall Jackson - Confederate General who led Confederates at Battle of Bull Run (also Manassas); considered a hero by Confederates for his refusal to yield to Union armies from which his nickname derived

  6. George B. McClellan - Union General put in charge by President Lincoln to replace General Irvin McDowell

  7. Ulysses S. Grant - American and Union military officer/politician  American military officer and politician who served as the 18th president of the United States from 1869 to 1877

  8. Shiloh - 1862 Civil War battle where nearly 25,000 Union and Confederate troops were killed or wounded; SW Tennessee aka Battle of Pittsburg

  9. Contraband - supplies captured from an enemy during wartime 

  10. Antietam - 1862 Civil War battle in which 23,000 troops were killed or wounded in one day; fought in Maryland

  11. Emancipation Proclamation - decree by President Lincoln that freed enslaved people living in Confederate states still in rebellion

  12. Militia Act - 1862 law that allowed African American soldiers to serve in the Union military

  13. 54th Massachusetts Regiment - all-black unit led by Union Colonel Robert Gould Shaw during the Civil War

  14. Income Tax - tax that must be paid by individuals and corporations based on money earned

  15. Bond - certificate bought from the government that promises to pay the holder back the purchase amount plus interest at a future date

  16. Homestead Act - 1862 law that gave 160 acres of land to citizens willing to live on and cultivate it for five years

  17. Copperhead - negative term given to antiwar northern Democrats during the Civil War

  18. Habeas Corpus - constitutional guarantee that no one can be held in prison without charges being filed

  19. Inflation - rising prices

  20. Clara Barton - American nurse who founded the American Red Cross; she was a hospital nurse in the American Civil War, a teacher, and a patent clerk

  21. Siege - military tactic in which an enemy is surrounded and all supplies are cut off in an attempt to force a surrender

  22. Gettysburg Address - speech by President Lincoln in which he dedicated a national cemetery at Gettysburg and reaffirmed the ideas for which the Union was fighting

  23. Total war - military strategy in which an army attacks not only enemy troops but the economic and civilian resources that support them 

  24. William Tecumseh Sherman -  Union general during the Civil War, playing a crucial role in the victory over the Confederate States and becoming one of the most famous military leaders in U.S. history; led “Sherman’s March”

13th Amendment - 1865 constitutional amendment that abolished slavery