Chemical Bonding

NOMENCLATURE

• linear family
  • SN = 2
  • sp
  • AX2
  • linear
  • 180 degrees
• trigonal planar family
  • SN = 3
  • sp2
  • AX3
  • trigonal planar
  • 120 degrees
  • AX2E
  • bent
  • <120 degrees
• tetrahedral family
  • SN = 4
  • sp3
  • AX4
  • tetrahedral
  • 109.5 degrees
  • AX3E
  • trigonal pyramidal
  • 107.3 degrees
  • AX2E2
  • bent
  • 104.5 degrees
• trigonal bipyramidal family
  • SN = 5
  • sp3d
  • AX5
  • trigonal bipyramidal
  • 90 and 120 degrees
  • AX4E
  • seesaw
  • 90 and <120 degrees
  • AX3E2
  • t-shaped
  • 90 degrees
  • AX2E3
  • linear
  • 180 degrees
• octahedral family
  • SN = 6
  • sp3d2
  • AX6
  • octahedral
  • 90 and 90 degrees
  • AX5E
  • square pyramidal
  • 90 and ~90 degrees
  • AX4E2
  • square planar
  • 90 degrees

POLARITY

• polar = asymmetrical
• nonpolar = symmetrical

HYBRIDIZATION

• SIGMA
  • comes from hybridized orbitals
  • overlaps end-to-end
• PI
  • comes from unhybridized orbitals
  • overlaps above and below the plane
• single bond
  • 1 sigma
  • no pi
• double bond
  • 1 sigma
  • 1 pi
• triple bond
  • 1 sigma
  • 2 pi